All articles starting with E
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Erga omnes
Erga omnes obligations in international law are owed by a State to the international community as a whole, introduced by the ICJ's 1970 Barcelona Traction obiter dictum, distinct from erga omnes partes treaty obligations and jus cogens norms.
Ergalataxinae
Ergalataxinae (カゴメガイ亜科) is an accepted subfamily of murex sea snails (Muricidae) erected by Kuroda, Habe & Oyama in 1971, with about 31 genera including Ergalatax and Drupella, confirmed monophyletic by molecular phylogenies.
Ergang Wang
Ergang Wang (王二刚) is a Chinese-born Swedish polymer chemist and professor at Chalmers University of Technology, known for isoindigo-based polymers and high-efficiency all-polymer solar cells.
Ergasilidae
Ergasilidae, gill lice, family of cyclopoid copepods whose fertilized females parasitize fish gills while males and larvae are planktonic; about 30 genera, Ergasilus largest, important in aquaculture.
Ergenekon Epic
The Ergenekon Epic (Ergenekon Destanı) is a Turkic origin epic, first written down in 1307, in which a defeated people escapes a hidden valley by melting an iron mountain.
Ergine
Ergine, also called lysergic acid amide (LSA) or d-lysergamide, is a natural ergot alkaloid psychedelic in Convolvulaceae seeds (Hawaiian baby woodrose, morning glory), structurally similar to LSD, causing euphoria, hallucinations, nausea, and anxiety, with possible cluster headache benefit.
Ergitium
Ergitium (also Egritio, Ergicum) was a minor Daunian road station in northern Apulia between Teanum Apulum and Sipontum, on the Tabula Peutingeriana and in the Ravenna Cosmography; tentatively located near San Severo or west of Rignano Garganico.
Ergo Arena
Ergo Arena, indoor sports and entertainment arena on the Gdańsk–Sopot border in Poland, opened 18 August 2010; about 11,000 seats, up to 15,000 spectators, operated by Hala Gdańsk-Sopot, titled by ERGO Hestia.
Ergo Proxy
Ergo Proxy (エルゴプラクシー) is a 2006 23-episode anime by Manglobe, directed by Shukō Murase with Dai Satō as chief writer, airing on WOWOW; a post-apocalyptic dome-city cyberpunk noir about the Cogito virus, AutoReivs, Proxies, Re-l Meyer, and Vincent Law.
Ergocalciferol
Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), a fat-soluble vitamin made by UV irradiation of ergosterol in yeast, used for vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and refractory rickets; raises serum 25(OH)D less than cholecalciferol (D3).
Ergocryptine
Ergocryptine (Ergocriptin) is a peptide ergot alkaloid of the ergoline family, produced by Claviceps purpurea, occurring as alpha and beta isomers and the parent compound of bromocriptine.
ergoCub
ergoCub is a humanoid robot developed jointly by the Italian Institute of Technology and INAIL, designed to reduce physical strain on workers during collaborative tasks like lifting.
Ergodic hypothesis
The ergodic hypothesis, introduced by Boltzmann in 1871, assumes an isolated system over time passes through every state consistent with its energy, linking measured thermodynamic values to statistical averages.
Ergodic literature
Ergodic literature, coined by Espen J. Aarseth in Cybertext (1997), is literature requiring nontrivial reader effort to traverse, spanning hypertext, computer games, MUDs, the I Ching, and experimental print works like Cain's Jawbone.
Ergodic process
An ergodic process is a stochastic process in which time averages along one realization converge, with probability one, to ensemble averages, so one trajectory is statistically representative.
Ergodic theorem
The ergodic theorem states that for a measure-preserving transformation, the time average of an integrable function converges along almost every trajectory, equaling the space average when the system is ergodic.
Ergodic theory
Ergodic theory is the branch of dynamical systems theory that studies measure-preserving transformations, with roots in Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis and applications to statistical mechanics, number theory, and combinatorics.
Ergodicity
Ergodicity is the property of a measure-preserving dynamical system where a single trajectory's time average equals its average over the whole space, central to ergodic theory.
Ergodicity and convergence to equilibrium of continuous-time Markov processes
Ergodicity and convergence to equilibrium of continuous-time Markov processes covers recurrence, stationary distributions, the ergodic theorem, and convergence rates from exponential spectral gaps to subgeometric ones.
Ergoline
Ergoline is the tetracyclic indoloquinoline core of ergot alkaloids from Claviceps fungi, also called ergolines; basis of ergotamine, ergometrine, LSD, and dopamine agonists like bromocriptine and cabergoline.
Ergometry
Ergometry is a diagnostic method measuring cardiopulmonary responses during controlled exercise on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer, used to diagnose coronary artery disease and prescribe exercise training.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors, is the science of how people interact with systems, applied to design that maximizes human well-being and overall system performance.
Ergonovine
Ergonovine (ergometrine, ergobasine) is a lysergic acid ergot alkaloid uterotonic used as a second-line drug for postpartum hemorrhage; discovered 1932-1935, first synthesized 1938, contraindicated in hypertension.
Ergosphere
The ergosphere, also called the ergoregion, is the region just outside a rotating black hole's event horizon where everything is forced to rotate with the hole.
Ergospirometry
Ergospirometry, also called cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is a diagnostic method that measures respiratory gas exchange and ventilation during graded exercise to quantify cardiopulmonary fitness and identify exercise-limiting mechanisms.
Ergosterol (β-ol)
Ergosterol (β-ol), 24R-methyl-cholesta-5,7,22-trienol, is the principal membrane sterol of most fungi, absent in mammals, target of azoles, allylamines, and polyenes, and the UV-converted precursor of vitamin D2.
Ergosterol biosynthesis enzymes (ERG genes)
Ergosterol biosynthesis enzymes are the proteins encoded by ERG genes that fungi use to build ergosterol; in budding yeast the pathway spans 24 reactions and 25 enzymes.
Ergot
Ergot, fungi of the genus Claviceps (especially Claviceps purpurea), replaces grass and cereal seeds with toxic sclerotia; cause of ergotism or St. Anthony's fire and source of drugs like ergotamine and LSD.
Ergot alkaloid biosynthesis protein
Ergot alkaloid biosynthesis protein: database name for enzymes of the fungal EAS gene cluster, exemplified by EasH (UniProt G8GV69.1), a Claviceps purpurea dioxygenase with PDB structure 4NAO that cyclizes ergopeptide lactams.
Ergot sclerotium
Ergot sclerotium (Secale cornutum): the dark overwintering body of Claviceps purpurea replacing rye ovaries, containing 0.15-0.5% ergot alkaloids, cause of ergotism and source of pharmaceutical alkaloids.