All articles starting with E

Erithacus

Erithacus is a genus of Muscicapidae songbirds erected by Cuvier in 1800, holding the European Robin (E. rubecula) and, in ITIS, the Japanese and Ryukyu Robins; a 2022 study split Canary Islands robins into E. superbus and E. marionae.

Eritoran

Eritoran (E5564) is a synthetic lipid A analog and TLR4 antagonist that binds the MD-2 hydrophobic pocket; developed by Eisai for severe sepsis, it was safe but failed to reduce mortality in phase 2 and phase 3 ACCESS trials.

Eritrea

Eritrea, Red Sea country in the Horn of Africa with capital Asmara; former Italian colony (1890), federated with Ethiopia 1952, independent 1991 after a 30-year war; ruled by President Isaias Afwerki; agrarian, mining-based economy.

Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission

The Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission was an arbitral tribunal established under the 2000 Algiers Agreement to decide claims arising from the 1998–2000 war between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Eritrean Defence Forces

Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF), military of Eritrea, successor to the EPLF liberation army. Built on indefinite conscription via Sawa camp; about 350,000 active troops; fought in the Tigray war and now faces renewed conflict with Ethiopia.

Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement

The Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM) was an armed Islamist group founded in Sudan in 1980 to fight Ethiopian rule and, after 1993, President Isaias Afewerki's government.

Eritrean Liberation Front

The Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), known to Eritreans as Jebha, was an armed movement founded in 1960 that opened Eritrea's thirty-year war of independence in 1961.

Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency

The Eritrean Liberation Front insurgency was the guerrilla war fought by the ELF against Ethiopian rule, beginning in September 1961 and ending when the front was driven into Sudan in 1981.

Eritrean Liberation Movement

The Eritrean Liberation Movement (ELM; Harakat Tahrir Eritrea) was an underground Eritrean nationalist organization founded in Port Sudan in 1958 to free Eritrea from Ethiopian control.

Oct 10, 2026

Eritrean nakfa

The Eritrean nakfa (ISO code ERN) is the national currency of Eritrea, introduced in 1997 to replace the Ethiopian birr and divided into 100 cents.

Eritrean national service

Eritrean national service is a compulsory program of military and civilian service for citizens aged 18 to 40, set at 18 months in 1995 and extended indefinitely in 2002.

Eritrean People's Liberation Front

The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) was a Marxist-Leninist rebel movement led by Isaias Afwerki that defeated Ethiopian forces in 1991 and became Eritrea's ruling party, the PFDJ.

Eritrean refugee migration to Europe

Eritrean refugee migration to Europe is the movement of Eritreans fleeing indefinite national service and political repression, mainly to Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.

Eritrean War of Independence

Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991), also the Eritrean liberation struggle: thirty-year conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrean separatists, begun by Hamid Idris Awate, won by the EPLF, leading to the 1993 referendum and independence.

Eritrean–Ethiopian War

Eritrean–Ethiopian War (Badme War), 1998–2000 interstate conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia over their undefined border; about 70,000 killed, ended by the Algiers Agreement, followed by the 2018 peace declaration.

Eritrean–Ethiopian War deportations

The Eritrean–Ethiopian War deportations were the mass forced removals of civilians by both governments during the 1998–2000 border war, with Ethiopia expelling about 75,000 people of Eritrean origin.

Eriu Fluctus

Eriu Fluctus is a 600-km-diameter lava flow field (fluctus) on Venus at 37S, 357E, IAU-named in 1991 for the Irish earth mother, mapped by Magellan radar.

Erivan Governorate

Erivan Governorate was a province of the Russian Empire in the South Caucasus, established in 1849 from parts of the Tiflis and Shemakha governorates, with its capital at Erivan, now Yerevan.

Erivan Khanate

The Erivan Khanate, also known as Čoḵūr Saʿd, was a Persian-ruled province centered on Erevan in the South Caucasus, ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828.

Sep 21, 2026

Erkan Aydın

Erkan Aydın is a photovoltaics scientist who leads a research group at LMU Munich, known for a certified 32.5% perovskite/silicon tandem efficiency reported in 2023.

Sep 19, 2026

Erkan Oğur

Erkan Oğur, born 1954 in Ankara, is a Turkish musician and instrument maker known for the fretless guitar in Turkish makam music and reviving the kopuz.

Erke Pai'an Jingqi

Erke Pai'an Jingqi (二刻拍案惊奇, "Second Collection of Slapping the Table in Amazement") is a 1632 collection of 39 vernacular Chinese short stories by the Ming writer Ling Mengchu.

Erkenci Kuş

Erkenci Kuş (Early Bird, Daydreamer) is a Turkish romantic comedy series aired on Star TV June 26, 2018 to August 6, 2019, 51 episodes starring Demet Özdemir and Can Yaman, a top-rated, internationally exported dizi.

Oct 15, 2026

Erkenntnis

Erkenntnis, German for "knowledge," is a peer-reviewed philosophy journal founded in 1930 by Hans Reichenbach and Rudolf Carnap as the organ of logical empiricism, revived in 1975.

Erki Nool

Erki Nool (born 1970, Võru, Estonia) is an Estonian decathlete, 2000 Sydney Olympic champion, 2001 World silver medallist with an 8815-point Estonian record, and later a Riigikogu member 2007–2015.

Oct 20, 2026

Erkin Shagayev

Erkin Shagayev (Эркин Шагаев, born 1959, Tashkent) is a Soviet water polo Olympic champion (Moscow 1980), 1982 world and 1983 European champion, later a long-serving Australian coach and Russian national team head coach. Not the Kazakh composer Yerkesh Shakeev.