All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Erysiphe
Erysiphe is the largest genus of powdery mildew fungi, obligate plant pathogens growing as white colonies on leaves and causing diseases on more than 10,000 host species.
Erythema ab igne
Erythema ab igne (toasted skin syndrome) is a reticulated hyperpigmented rash from chronic moderate heat exposure below burn threshold, historically from fires and now from laptops, heating pads, and heaters; treat by removing the heat source.
Erythema elevatum diutinum
Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED), a rare chronic leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis among neutrophilic dermatoses; red-brown nodules on extensor surfaces, linked to HIV, IgA gammopathy, and autoimmune disease; treated with dapsone.
Erythema induratum of Bazin
Erythema induratum of Bazin (Bazin disease, tuberculosis cutis indurativa) is a tuberculid causing recurrent ulcerating nodules on women's calves, linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypersensitivity.
Erythema marginatum
Erythema marginatum is an evanescent, non-pruritic, serpiginous pink rash of the trunk and proximal limbs, a rare but major Jones criterion of acute rheumatic fever and a prodromal sign of hereditary angioedema.
Erythema marginatum rheumaticum
Erythema marginatum rheumaticum (ICD-11 EA50.0) is the annular, evanescent, non-pruritic skin eruption of acute rheumatic fever, occurring in up to 10% of cases, mainly in children aged 5-15, and a major Jones criterion.
Erythema multiforme
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated, self-limiting mucocutaneous rash with target lesions, usually triggered by herpes simplex virus type 1; distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Erythema multiforme major
Erythema multiforme major (EM majus, erythema exsudativum multiforme majus) is erythema multiforme with mucosal involvement at two or more sites, mainly herpes-triggered, self-limiting, and distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Erythema nodosum
Erythema nodosum (EN), the most common panniculitis, causes tender red nodules on the shins, mainly in women aged 25–40, triggered by streptococcal infection, sarcoidosis, IBD, drugs, or pregnancy, resolving in 2–8 weeks.
Erythema palmare hereditarium
Erythema palmare hereditarium, or Lane's disease, is a rare benign inherited condition of persistent, asymptomatic red palms (sometimes soles) beginning at birth or infancy; 17 reported cases as of 2021, no treatment needed.
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), formerly NRS Subtype 1 and ICD-11 ED90.00, is the flushing and persistent facial redness presentation of rosacea, treated with brimonidine, oxymetazoline, laser, and IPL.
Erythraea Fossa
Erythraea Fossa, a 152 km graben at 31.5 W, 27.3 S on Mars near Holden crater, IAU-named 1976; once held a chain of three paleolakes totaling 56 km3 of water fed by precipitation-driven runoff.
Erythraeum Chaos
Erythraeum Chaos is a region of chaotic terrain on Mars at the northern edge of Noachis Terra, named by the IAU in 2007 and interpreted as an ancient lakebed.
Erythrai (Turkey)
Erythrai (Erythrae, Ildırı), ancient Ionian city at Ildırı village, Çeşme, İzmir, Turkey, opposite Chios; one of Herodotus' twelve Ionian cities, Panionion and Delian League member, free Roman city from 133 BC.
Erythrasma
Erythrasma, also called Corynebacterium minutissimum infection, is a chronic superficial bacterial skin infection of intertriginous folds (groin, axillae, toe webs), diagnosed by coral-red Wood's lamp fluorescence from coproporphyrin III, treated topically with fusidic acid or orally with clarithromycin, and prone to recurrence.
Erythrina
Erythrina (coral trees) is a pantropical genus of about 100–150 prickly, red-flowered legume trees and shrubs in Fabaceae, used as ornamentals, shade and stake trees, green manure, light timber, and medicine.
Erythritol
Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol sweetener, 60–80% as sweet as sucrose, made by fermenting glucose and excreted nearly unchanged in urine with almost no calories.
Erythritol fatty acid esters
Erythritol fatty acid esters, esters of erythritol and fatty acids, are sugar-alcohol-based food emulsifiers and microencapsulants; GRAS Notice GRN 297 (Stepan Company) received an FDA no-questions letter in 2009 for baked goods use.
Erythritol tetranitrate
Erythritol tetranitrate, also known as Cardiloid and Tetranitrol, is a nitrate ester of the sugar alcohol erythritol, first synthesized in 1849, used as an explosive and a vasodilator.
Erythrocebus
Erythrocebus, patas monkeys or red guenons, a genus of large semi-terrestrial African guenons (Cercopithecidae) of savannas from Senegal to East Africa; includes E. patas, E. baumstarki, and E. poliophaeus.
Erythrocebus patas
Erythrocebus patas, the patas monkey, is a terrestrial Old World monkey of African savannas, the fastest-running primate at about 55 km/h, recognizable by its reddish coat and white mustache.
Erythrocruorin
Erythrocruorin (Ec), also called hexagonal bilayer hemoglobin, is a giant ~3.6 MDa extracellular hemoglobin of annelids and some other invertebrates; 144 globin plus 36 linker subunits, oxidation-resistant, studied as a blood substitute.
Erythrocytapheresis
Erythrocytapheresis is an apheresis procedure in which a device removes a patient's red blood cells and replaces them with donor cells, most often to treat sickle cell disease.
Erythrocyte Aggregation
Erythrocyte aggregation, or rouleaux formation, is the reversible low-shear clumping of red blood cells driven by plasma proteins such as fibrinogen via bridging and depletion mechanisms, raising blood viscosity and the ESR.
Erythrocyte Count
Erythrocyte count (RBC count, red count): a blood test measuring red blood cells per volume, almost always part of a CBC. Normal about 4–6 × 10^12/L, lower in women; used to diagnose anemia and polycythemia.
Erythrocyte Indices
Erythrocyte indices (RBC indices): MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW, calculated from the complete blood count to classify anemia by red cell size and hemoglobin content; Wintrobe-derived, with discrimination formulas of limited cross-population reliability.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, sed rate, Westergren rate): blood test measuring how far red cells settle in one hour; raised by inflammation-driven fibrinogen and rouleaux; used for giant cell arteritis and monitoring.
Erythroderma desquamativum
Erythroderma desquamativum, or Leiner (Leiner-Moussous) disease, is a rare infantile immunodeficiency with generalized seborrheic erythroderma, recurrent infections, malabsorptive diarrhea, and wasting, linked to complement C5 dysfunction and deficient opsonization.
Erythrodermic psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis is a rare, severe variant of psoriasis in which redness and scaling cover 75% or more of the body, causing systemic illness and a dermatologic emergency.
Erythroid lineage cell
Erythroid lineage cell (erythropoietic cell, CL:0000764): any immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to erythrocytes, from HSC-derived BFU-E and CFU-E progenitors through erythroblasts to reticulocytes, regulated by EPO, GATA1, and KLF1.