All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Echinoderm locomotion and behavior
Echinoderm locomotion and behavior covers how sea stars, brittle stars, urchins, sea cucumbers, and crinoids walk, row, burrow, and navigate using tube feet and arms under decentralized control.
Echinoderm nervous system
The echinoderm nervous system is a decentralized system of five radial nerve cords joined by a circumoral nerve ring, with no brain, plus a basiepidermal nerve plexus.
Echinoderm paleontology of Africa and South America
The fossil echinoderms of Africa and South America are known chiefly from Gondwanan Paleozoic marine basins, with the oldest articulated specimens in early Cambrian Morocco.
Echinoderm paleontology of Asia
Echinoderm paleontology of Asia covers the fossil record of echinoderms across Asian terranes from the Cambrian to the Cenozoic, from Yunnan's 518-million-year-old Chengjiang biota to Eocene echinoids of Assam.
Echinoderm paleontology of Europe
Echinoderm paleontology of Europe is the study of the fossil record of echinoderms across Europe, spanning Ordovician crinoids, Silurian British faunas, and several hundred Jurassic echinoid species.
Echinoderm paleontology of North America
The Burgess Shale echinoderm fauna is a middle Cambrian assemblage from the Canadian Rockies near Field, British Columbia, with four echinoderm genera among 42 arthropod genera.
Echinoderm paleontology of Oceania
Echinoderm paleontology of Oceania is the study of fossil echinoderms, including crinoids and sea urchins, across Australia, New Zealand, and Gondwanan margins from the Cambrian to the Cenozoic.
Echinoderm physiology
Echinoderm physiology is the study of how sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars regulate metabolism, osmotic balance, and acid–base state in their body fluids.
Echinoderm reproduction and development
Echinoderm reproduction and development is how starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids reproduce, mostly by broadcast spawning eggs and sperm, with larvae that metamorphose into five-rayed adults.
Echinoderm skeleton and ossicles
Echinoderm skeleton and ossicles: the mesodermal endoskeleton of sea stars, urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids, built of high-magnesium calcite ossicles with porous stereom microstructure, first appearing 520–525 Ma.
Echinoderms as model organisms
Echinoderms as model organisms is the use of sea urchins, sea stars, and brittle stars in biological research, above all embryology, regeneration biology, and comparative immunology.
Echinoderms of Europe and the North Atlantic
The echinoderms of Europe and the North Atlantic are the living starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers of European shelf seas and adjacent Atlantic, about 1,149 species.
Echinoderms of New Zealand
New Zealand's seas hold 617 known echinoderm species, from intertidal rock pools to the deep sea, with strong endemism and signature species like the kina.
Echinoderms of South Africa
Echinoderms of South Africa: sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers and crinoids of the South African EEZ. Over 400 southern African species, 74 echinoids, 163 holothuroids; fauna mostly Indo-Pacific with strong endemism.
Echinoderms of Sri Lanka
Echinoderms of Sri Lanka: sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and related marine invertebrates of Sri Lankan waters; 66 verified echinoid species, 178 shallow-water echinoderm species, and an over-exploited sea cucumber fishery.
Echinoderms of Venezuela
Echinoderms of Venezuela: sea stars, brittle stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers of Venezuelan waters; 234 listed species, mostly Caribbean coast, with 28 species recently documented in the Gulf of Venezuela.
Echinos
Echinos (Ἐχῖνος, Echinus) was an ancient Greek polis at modern Achinos, Phthiotida, on the Malis-Phthiotis border, with a 4th-century BC isodomic wall, Justinianic refortification, and Hellenistic-Roman necropolis; distinct from the Acarnanian Echinos.
Echinostomatidae
Echinostomatidae, a family of spined parasitic flatworms known as echinostomes, was established by Arthur Looss in 1899 and causes echinostomiasis, a food-borne intestinal disease found mainly in the Far East.
Echinox
Echinox is a Romanian student cultural magazine founded in December 1968 at Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, which became one of Romania's most important literary reviews and gave its name to the echinoxist movement.
Echinus esculentus
Echinus esculentus, the edible or common sea urchin (Linnaeus, 1758), is a large pinkish-red globular urchin of the northeast Atlantic from Norway to Portugal, grazing kelp and encrusting fauna from low water to about 40 m; IUCN Near Threatened globally, Least Concern in Great Britain.
Echion Linea
Echion Linea is a 1026 km linea on Jupiter's moon Europa, centered at -11.6°, 185.2°, IAU-approved in 1985 and named for the Spartoi survivor and founder of Thebes in Greek myth.
Echis
Echis, saw-scaled or carpet vipers, a genus of small African-Middle Eastern-South Asian vipers; 12-13 species in four complexes; SVMP-rich procoagulant venom causing consumption coagulopathy; deadliest snake genus by kill count; antivenom is region-specific.
Echis carinatus
Echis carinatus, the saw-scaled viper, is a small, highly venomous viper from North Africa to South Asia, among the leading causes of snakebite death in India.
Echium
Echium, borage family genus of 68 species native to Macaronesia, Europe, and North Africa; known for Canary Island adaptive radiation, insular woodiness, giant rosette trees like E. wildpretii, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid defenses.
Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, viper's bugloss or blueweed, is a Eurasian Boraginaceae biennial with violet-blue flowers, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity to livestock, and noxious-weed status in parts of North America and Australia.
Echiura
Echiura, spoon worms or innkeeper worms, are unsegmented marine annelids with a long extendable proboscis; about 198 accepted species, burrowing deposit and filter feeders from intertidal to 10,000 m depths.
Echizen washi
Echizen washi (越前和紙) is traditional Japanese paper made in Echizen City, Fukui Prefecture, ranked among Japan's three great washi traditions with about 1,500 years of history.
ECHL
The ECHL (formerly East Coast Hockey League) is the AA-level minor professional ice hockey league below the AHL; founded 1988-89 with five teams, it has 30 teams in 2025-26 and 776 alumni who reached the NHL.
Echo
An echo is a repetition of a sound reflected from a surface, arriving at least about 50 ms after the original to be heard as a separate event.
Echo (EP)
Echo (EP) is the second EP by Jin, a South Korean singer and member of BTS. Released May 16, 2025, it features the lead single "Don't Say You Love Me."