All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Ecological roles of ferns
Ferns act as chemical-defended foliage for insects, facultative hosts of root fungi, nitrogen-fixing partners with Azolla in rice paddies, and microclimate engineers that enrich soils and shelter tree seedlings.
Ecological roles of oomycetes
Beyond their roles as plant and animal pathogens, oomycetes live as saprotrophs in soil, freshwater, and marine habitats, decomposing plant litter and chitin-rich animal remains.
Ecological sanitation
Ecological sanitation, or EcoSan, is a family of sanitation methods that treat human excreta as a resource rather than waste, recycling its nutrients as fertilizer, compost, or biogas.
Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a nonprofit professional society of ecologists founded in 1915 in Columbus, Ohio, with over 9,000 members and headquarters in Washington, DC.
Ecological status
Ecological status is a five-class measure of surface water ecosystem quality under the EU's 2000 Water Framework Directive, rating rivers, lakes, and coastal waters from high to bad.
Ecological study
An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which exposures or outcomes are measured and compared for populations or groups rather than individuals, cheaply using existing data.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession: the change in species, communities, and ecosystems over time after disturbance; primary versus secondary succession; Clements, Gleason, Connell-Slatyer mechanisms, and chronosequence limits.
Ecological systems theory
Ecological systems theory is a developmental psychology framework by Urie Bronfenbrenner, first published in 1979, describing human development through nested environmental systems from family and school outward to culture.
Ecological Trail Garden of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and South China Medicinal Plants Garden
Ecological Trail Garden of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and South China Medicinal Plants Garden (香徑藥谷生態園區及南藥園), IAM-run medicinal plant gardens in Seac Pai Van Park, Coloane, Macao; about 30,000 m2, eight habitat zones, roughly 320 medicinal plant species, closed management with group booking.
Ecologically sensitive area
An ecologically sensitive area is a geographic area where a change in the ecological system is likely to produce a recognizable response; sites are fragile or legally designated.
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Partido Verde Ecologista de México, PVEM) is a Mexican political party, registered in 1993 and best known for its coalition alliances.
Ecology
Ecology, the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment, spans organism, population, community, and ecosystem levels; named by Haeckel in 1866 and applied today through ecosystem services and conservation agriculture.
Ecology (site)
An ecological research site is a location used for ecological research, teaching, species conservation, and public education, ranging from historic university gardens to purpose-built research gardens.
Ecology and conservation of cypresses
The ecology and conservation of cypresses concerns small, isolated California stands of fire-adapted conifers whose serotinous cones need fire to open, making fire suppression a conservation threat.
Ecology and conservation of yews (Taxus)
The ecology and conservation of yews covers the genus Taxus, shade-tolerant conifers whose red arils recruit birds as seed dispersers and whose wild populations face browsing, fire, and slow regeneration.
Ecology and habitat of Cycas
The ecology and habitat of Cycas, the largest cycad genus, spans coastal dunes, savanna, rainforest, and limestone karst in the tropics, with insect pollination and fire-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing coralloid roots.
Ecology and habitats of Cladonia lichens
The ecology and habitats of Cladonia lichens cover their growth on soil, wood, and rocks, with reindeer lichen mats building slowly on acidic, nutrient-poor heath and boreal forest soils.
Ecology and reproduction of haircap mosses
Haircap mosses (family Polytrichaceae) are erect, tuft-forming mosses with internal conducting strands that grow taller than most mosses, on soil in forests, mires, and disturbed ground worldwide.
Ecology of cenotes and anchialine pools
The ecology of cenotes and anchialine pools is organized around a halocline, a sharp boundary where seawater underlies freshwater, trapping organic matter and supporting specialized subterranean fauna.
Ecology of coniferous forests
Ecology of coniferous forests is the study of how forests dominated by pines, spruces, firs, and larches initiate, burn, decompose litter, cycle nutrients, and support fungi and soils.
Ecology of filmy ferns
Ecology of filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae): over 600 hygrophilous, poikilohydric ferns with one-cell-thick leaves lacking cuticle and stomata; mostly epiphytic in humid tropical montane forests, richest in Central and South America and Southeast Asia.
Ecology of Ganoderma
Ecology of Ganoderma: a genus of 191–400 white rot wood-decaying fungi worldwide, decomposers of woody debris and root/butt rot pathogens of trees and crops, with laccase-dominated lignin degradation and disjunct biogeography.
Ecology of jelly fungi
The ecology of jelly fungi covers wood-decaying basidiomycetes, including saprotrophic Auricularia species and mycoparasitic Tremella, whose gelatinous fruit bodies survive repeated drying and release spores after rain.
Ecology of Marsileaceae
The ecology of Marsileaceae, water clovers and pillworts, is shaped by unreliable wetlands: sporocarps survive decades to a century dry, then germinate within hours of wetting.
Ecology of micro-oligochaetes
The ecology of micro-oligochaetes covers small annelid worms: enchytraeids drive soil decomposition and nutrient cycling, while tubificids rework aquatic sediments and serve as pollution bioindicators.
Ecology of milk-cap fungi (Lactarius and Lactifluus)
Milk-cap fungi, the closely related genera Lactarius and Lactifluus, are ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes with well over 650 species worldwide, partnering with trees from temperate forests to the tropics.
Ecology of potter and mason wasps
Potter and mason wasps (Eumeninae) are the largest vespid wasp subfamily, with about 3,800 species whose larvae eat paralyzed caterpillars and whose adults feed on nectar.
Ecom Express
Ecom Express was an Indian e-commerce logistics company founded in 2012 in Gurugram by former Blue Dart executives, agreed in 2025 to be acquired by Delhivery.
Ecomuseum Zoo
Ecomuseum Zoo (Zoo Ecomuseum), the only outdoor zoo on Montreal island, in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue; a CAZA-accredited non-profit exhibiting only Québec wildlife, mostly non-releasable animals, open 364 days a year.
Econazole
Econazole is an imidazole antifungal drug used topically against dermatophyte and yeast infections of the skin, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in Belgium and marketed in 1974 as one of the first azole antifungals.