All articles starting with E
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Evolution Asset
Evolution Asset (进化论资产) is a Chinese quantitative private securities fund manager founded by Wang Yiping in Shenzhen in 2014, managing about RMB 13 billion as of 2025.
Evolution Championship Series
Evolution Championship Series (Evo), the largest and longest-running fighting game tournament, founded mid-1990s from Battle by the Bay; $500,000 prize pool, 12 games at Evo 2026 Las Vegas; owned by Qiddiya since 2026.
Evolution Credit Partners
Evolution Credit Partners, marketed as Evolution Credit, is a Boston-based private credit and opportunistic credit manager founded in 2017 by Rene Canezin and Michael Guarnieri.
Evolution Mining
Evolution Mining is an Australian gold mining company headquartered in Sydney, formed in November 2011, with six mines across Australia and Canada and additional copper exposure.
Evolution of birds
Evolution of birds: birds are living theropod dinosaurs (Avialae), arising from small feathered coelurosaurs about 160-150 million years ago via Archaeopteryx; beaked birds alone survived the K-Pg extinction 66 Ma, yielding today's 11,000 species.
Evolution of cetaceans
Cetaceans, which is the lineage of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, is the approximately 12-million-year transition from four-legged, land-dwelling ungulates, appearing in the fossil record around 55 million years ago.
Evolution of color vision
Evolution of color vision: how opsin gene duplications and losses shaped animal color vision, from four-cone ancestral vertebrates through the nocturnal mammalian bottleneck to primate trichromacy regained about 35 million years ago.
Evolution of fish
The evolution of fish, also called fish evolution, spans about 500 million years, from jawless armored creatures in ancient seas to the origin of jaws, bony skeletons, and today's dominant ray-finned fishes.
Evolution of fungi
Evolution of fungi: from aquatic flagellated ancestors to terrestrial hyphal lineages; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses with 70-90% of land plants, 407-million-year-old Rhynie chert fossils, and mushroom diversification.
Evolution of human intelligence
Evolution of human intelligence: six-million-year history of cognitive change in the human lineage, marked by a roughly threefold brain expansion, fastest in Homo erectus, driven by cortical neuron counts, diet, fire, language, and culture.
Evolution of mammals
Evolution of mammals: the synapsid lineage from pelycosaurs through therapsids and cynodonts to Mammaliaformes, marked by the jaw-to-middle-ear transition, diphyodont teeth, Late Triassic endothermy, and the post-K-Pg placental radiation.
Evolution of photosynthesis
Evolution of photosynthesis: from anoxygenic single-reaction-center phototrophy to oxygenic cyanobacteria before the ~2.4 Ga Great Oxidation Event, plastid endosymbiosis, and the repeated convergent evolution of C4 (66+ origins) and CAM in plants.
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution of sexual reproduction: origin of meiosis, gamete fusion, and recombination in the last eukaryotic common ancestor; twofold cost of sex, Red Queen and DNA-repair hypotheses, and asexual lineages.
Evolution of spider silk and webs
Spider silk and webs evolved from silk spigots 386 million years ago to spinnerets, then from simple sheet webs to geometric orbs, whose origins remain debated.
Evolution of spiders
The evolution of spiders is the history of the arachnid order Araneae, silk-producing predators whose fossil record begins in the Carboniferous about 315 million years ago.
Evolution of stingless bees
The evolution of stingless bees traces the tribe Meliponini, more than 600 eusocial tropical species, from Cretaceous origins about 81 million years ago through dispersal across the Neotropics, Africa, and Indo-Australasia.
Evolution of the Asian monsoon
The evolution of the Asian monsoon is its geological history over the past 55 million years, with onset ages debated from about 55 to 22 Ma.
Evolution of the eye
Evolution of the eye: how animal light-sensitive organs arose, with at least 40 hypothesized independent origins, Cambrian fossil eyes like Olenellus, shared Pax6 genetics, and convergent camera eyes in vertebrates and cephalopods.
Evolution of the horse
Evolution of the horse: 55-million-year history of Equidae, which arose in North America in the early Eocene from cat-sized Hyracotherium, passed through Merychippus and Miocene diversity, produced Equus, went extinct in the Americas, and was domesticated in the Volga-Don steppes.
Evolution of the pepsin family of aspartyl proteases
The pepsin family is a group of bilobal aspartyl proteases, enzymes that cleave proteins with two catalytic aspartates, secreted by the stomach as zymogens called pepsinogens.
Evolution of the wolf
Evolution of the wolf: history of Canis lupus, from the Pleistocene wolf event and Beringian origins through Late Pleistocene population turnover to the now-extinct wolf population that gave rise to domestic dogs.
Evolution Petroleum Corporation
Evolution Petroleum Corporation (NYSE American: EPM) is a Houston-based energy company that holds non-operated working, mineral, and royalty interests in US oil and gas properties.
Evolution strategies
Evolution strategies are a class of evolutionary algorithms for black-box optimization, developed in the 1960s at the Technical University of Berlin, using mutation and selection without gradients.
Evolution strategy
An evolution strategy is a black-box optimization algorithm that improves candidate solutions through mutation, recombination, and selection, developed by Ingo Rechenberg and Hans-Paul Schwefel in the 1970s.
Evolution Technology
Evolution Technology is a series of venture capital funds managed by Evolution Equity Partners, a New York firm founded in 2008 that invests in cybersecurity and AI-security companies.
Evolution trial
Evolution trial (WJOG11819L), a Japanese phase 2 single-arm study (NCT04153734) of pembrolizumab plus platinum chemotherapy without radiotherapy in 21 patients with unresectable stage III PD-L1-high NSCLC; 2-year PFS 67%, median OS 44.4 months.
Evolution: The World of Sacred Device
Evolution: The World of Sacred Device (Shinkisekai Evolution) is Sting's 1999 Dreamcast dungeon-crawling RPG starring Mag Launcher, the first traditional RPG on the US Dreamcast, published by Ubisoft outside Japan.
Evolutionarily stable strategy
Evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), coined by Maynard Smith and Price (1973), is a game-theory strategy that resists invasion by rare mutants; every ESS is a Nash equilibrium, but not every Nash equilibrium is an ESS, and ESSs need not exist.
Evolutionary algorithm
An evolutionary algorithm (EA), or artificial evolution, is a stochastic optimization method inspired by biological evolution, spanning genetic algorithms and evolution strategies; NASA flew an antenna it designed.
Evolutionary anthropology
Evolutionary anthropology: the study of human evolution spanning paleoanthropology, primatology, archaeology, and genomics; also a Wiley review journal (ISSN 1060-1538) founded 1992, edited by John Lindo.