All articles starting with E
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Extensive Annals of Mursili II
The Extensive Annals of Mursili II are a Hittite text in which King Mursili II recounts his campaigns year by year across his reign, c. 1321–1295 BC.
Extensive Brick Strewn Mound
Extensive Brick Strewn Mound, Asothar (N-UP-L73): a centrally protected archaeological mound in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, under ASI Lucknow circle/South, associated with 10th-century Digambar Jain images.
Extensive Mound Called Garhi
Extensive mound called Garhi: protected archaeological mound at Khairai village, Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, ASI Lucknow Circle; 1885 finds of three 10th-century sikhara spirelets indicate a buried early medieval temple.
Extensive reading
Extensive reading is a language teaching approach in which learners read large amounts of easy, self-selected material for pleasure, building reading fluency, vocabulary, and motivation.
Extensive-form game
An extensive-form game is a game theory model of sequential decision-making, represented as a game tree that specifies who moves when, what each player knows, and payoffs.
Extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is MDR/RR tuberculosis resistant to any fluoroquinolone and bedaquiline or linezolid, per WHO's 2021 definition; 25,140 pre-XDR/XDR cases were notified in 2024, with treatment success around 40-54%.
Extensometer
An extensometer is an instrument that measures the change in distance between two points, from laboratory strain testing to borehole monitoring of ground movement around tunnels.
ExtenZe
ExtenZe is an over-the-counter male enhancement dietary supplement sold as a proprietary herbal blend. Known for a $1.75M false-advertising settlement and FDA findings of undeclared sildenafil in Extenze Plus.
Exterior algebra
Exterior algebra, also called Grassmann algebra, is the algebra of a vector space in which vectors anticommute under the wedge product. It packages oriented volumes and determinants.
Exterior derivative
The exterior derivative, written d, is an operator of differential geometry that takes a k-form to a (k+1)-form, unifying the gradient, curl, and divergence into one coordinate-free operation.
Exterior Gateway Protocol
The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is a routing protocol, specified in RFC 827 in 1982, that exchanged reachability information between autonomous systems before being replaced by BGP.
Exterior insulation and finish system
Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS), known in Europe as external thermal insulation composite system, is a multi-layered wall cladding combining continuous insulation with a durable, decorative finish.
Exterior insulation and finishing system
The exterior insulation and finishing system (EIFS), also called synthetic stucco, is a wall cladding combining insulation board, reinforced base coat, and textured finish, developed in Europe after World War II.
Exterior power
The k-th exterior power ΛᵏV of a vector space or module V is built from the k-fold tensor power by forcing tensors with a repeated factor to vanish.
Exteriorismo
Exteriorismo, a poetic movement founded in Nicaragua by José Coronel Urtecho and Ernesto Cardenal, builds poems from proper names, dates, figures, anecdotes, and everyday speech rather than interior lyric emotion.
Extermination camp
Extermination camp (Vernichtungslager), also called killing center: Nazi facilities for assembly-line mass murder, chiefly of Jews: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka II, Chełmno, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, about 2.7 million victims, distinct from concentration camps.
External anal sphincter
The external anal sphincter, or sphincter ani externus, is a ring of largely voluntary striated muscle around the anal canal that lets a person delay or release defecation.
External ballistics
External ballistics, also called exterior ballistics, is the branch of ballistics covering a projectile's free-flight trajectory between launcher and target, governed by momentum, gravity, drag, and winds.
External carotid artery
External carotid artery (ECA): artery from the common carotid bifurcation (about C3-C4) supplying head and neck structures outside the skull; eight variable branches, common trunks, embolization and collateral pathways.
External cephalic version
External cephalic version (ECV) is a manual obstetric procedure in which a clinician presses on the pregnant woman's abdomen to turn a breech fetus head-down, performed from 36 to 37 weeks.
External dacryocystorhinostomy
External dacryocystorhinostomy (external DCR, EX-DCR) is an ophthalmic surgical procedure that treats nasolacrimal duct obstruction by creating a new tear-drainage pathway from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity.
External Data Representation
External Data Representation (XDR) is a standard for describing and serializing data for network transmission, defined by Sun Microsystems in RFC 1014 in 1987 and now specified by RFC 4506.
External debt
External debt, also called foreign or international debt, is the gross liabilities a country's residents owe to nonresidents, requiring principal or interest payments; in 2024 low- and middle-income countries owed US$8,937 billion.
External debt of India
India's external debt is the money owed by Indian government and private borrowers to nonresidents, USD 736.3 billion at end-March 2025, about 19.1 percent of GDP.
External fertilization
External fertilization: union of sperm and eggs outside the parents' bodies, via spawning in water. Used by most fish, amphibians, corals, and many invertebrates; ancestral to internal fertilization, requiring synchronized release and huge gamete numbers.
External fixation
External fixation is a surgical technique that stabilizes broken bones with pins or wires through the skin, connected by an adjustable external frame, leaving soft tissues accessible.
External Fixators
An external fixator is an orthopedic device that stabilizes fractures with pins or wires through the bone, connected to a frame outside the skin that allows wound access.
External hirudiniasis
External hirudiniasis (leech infestation of the skin; ICD-11 1G02, ICD-10-CM B88.3) is painless skin attachment by bloodsucking leeches, causing prolonged bleeding from hirudin, itching, and possible allergic or Aeromonas infection; distinct from internal hirudiniasis (B83.4).
External morphology of Odonata
External morphology of Odonata: body structure of dragonflies and damselflies (Anisoptera, Zygoptera), covering compound eyes, wing venation with nodus and pterostigma, basal complex, secondary male genitalia, and suborder differences.
External quality assessment
External quality assessment, also known as proficiency testing, is a laboratory medicine procedure in which an external organization sends blinded specimens to laboratories and evaluates their results.