All articles starting with F
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Fezile Dabi District Municipality
Fezile Dabi District Municipality (DC20) is a Category C district municipality in the northern Free State, South Africa, seated in Sasolburg. Established in 2000, it comprises Moqhaka, Metsimaholo, Ngwathe, and Mafube local municipalities, with a Census 2022 population of 509,912.
Fezleke
Fezleke, also known as Târîh-i Sagîr, is a Turkish chronicle of Ottoman history by Kâtib Çelebi that spans from 1592, concluding each year with biographies of prominent people.
Fezouata Formation
Fezouata Formation (Fezouata Shale), Early Ordovician Lagerstätte in Morocco's Anti-Atlas, about 479-478 Ma, preserving over 185 taxa of Burgess Shale-type and Ordovician Radiation marine invertebrates, discovered around 2000 by Mohamed Ben Moula.
Fərid Mənsurov
Fərid Mənsurov (Farid Mansurov), born 1982 in Dmanisi, Georgia, is an Azerbaijani Greco-Roman wrestler, 2004 Athens Olympic champion at 66 kg, world champion 2007 (and 2009 by Azerbaijani sources), later national head coach and AWF and NOC vice president.
Ff phages
Ff phages are the near-identical filamentous E. coli phages f1, fd, and M13 (Inoviridae, genus Inovirus): 6,407-nt ssDNA genomes, non-lytic extrusion, F-pilus infection, and the basis of phage display and the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
FF(X)
FF(X), also known as Faraday X (FX), is the mass-market electric vehicle brand of Faraday Future, announced in 2024, whose first product is the FX Super One MPV.
FFAR1
FFAR1 (FFA1, GPR40) is a G protein-coupled free fatty acid receptor on pancreatic beta-cells that senses medium- and long-chain fatty acids and amplifies glucose-dependent insulin secretion; its lead agonist fasiglifam (TAK-875) was halted in phase III over liver toxicity, and no FFAR1 agonist is approved.
FFAR4
FFAR4 (GPR120) is a G-protein-coupled receptor for medium- and long-chain fatty acids, especially omega-3 PUFAs like EPA and DHA, coupling to Gq/11 and beta-arrestin-2 to regulate GLP-1 secretion, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation.
Ffestiniog Railway
The Ffestiniog Railway (Rheilffordd Ffestiniog) is a 13½-mile narrow gauge railway in northwest Wales, opened in 1836 to carry slate from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Porthmadog.
FFL Partners
FFL Partners, formerly Friedman Fleischer & Lowe, is a San Francisco private equity firm founded in 1997, investing in US middle-market healthcare and tech-enabled services companies.
FFmpeg
FFmpeg is a free and open-source multimedia framework that decodes, encodes, streams, filters, and plays audio and video, created by Fabrice Bellard in 2000 and used by Chrome, Firefox, and VLC.
Ffrith
Ffrith (Y Ffrith) is a village in Llanfynydd community, Flintshire, Wales, 7 km northwest of Wrexham, over a substantial Roman civilian settlement on the Chester to Caer Gai road, linked to lead mining and marked by Legio XX tiles.
FG 42
The FG 42 (Fallschirmjägergewehr 42, paratrooper rifle 42) was a selective-fire rifle developed in Nazi Germany for Luftwaffe paratroopers, combining rifle and light machine gun roles.
FG Sagittae
FG Sagittae (FG Sge) is a star in Sagitta, the central star of the nebula Hen 1-5, observed over a century to change from a hot star to a cool supergiant.
FG syndrome
FG syndrome (Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, FGS1) is an X-linked recessive disorder of males causing intellectual disability, hypotonia, broad thumbs, anal anomalies, and macrocephaly, most often caused by MED12 mutations such as R961W.
FG-M701
FG-M701 (ABBV-701) is a fully human anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody for inflammatory bowel disease developed by FutureGen Biopharmaceutical (明济生物) and exclusively licensed to AbbVie in June 2024 for $150 million upfront plus up to $1.56 billion in milestones; distinct from the unrelated M701 EpCAM-CD3 bispecific.
FGC-9
The FGC-9 is a hybrid 3D-printed semi-automatic pistol-caliber carbine designed by JStark1809 and released online in March 2020; it requires no regulated firearm parts and is the world's most widely built privately made firearm.
FGEN Batangas FSRU
FGEN Batangas FSRU is an LNG import terminal in Batangas City, Philippines, built around the floating storage and regasification vessel BW Batangas, which received its first LNG cargo in August 2023.
FGF Brands
FGF Brands is a Canadian family-owned industrial bakery headquartered in Toronto, founded in 2004 by brothers Ojus and Tejus Ajmera, whose brands include Stonefire, Wonder, and Country Harvest.
FGF1
FGF1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor, ECGF, HBGF1), gene at 5q31.3, is a signal-peptide-less angiogenic FGF secreted nonclassically and the only FGF activating all FGFR splice variants.
FGF10
FGF10 (fibroblast growth factor 10, KGF2), an FGF7-subfamily paracrine ligand of FGFR2b on chromosome 5p12, drives limb, lung, and gland branching morphogenesis; mutations cause LADD syndrome, ALSG, and lethal lung developmental disorders.
FGF19
FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19), human orthologue of murine FGF15, is an endocrine gut hormone signaling via FGFR4–β-Klotho to suppress bile acid synthesis; amplified at 11q13.3 in cancers, notably HCC, and targeted by FGFR4 inhibitors and the analogue aldafermin.
FGF2
FGF2 (basic FGF, bFGF), prototypical member of the 23-member fibroblast growth factor family, signals through heparan sulfate and FGFR via Ras-MAPK and PI3K pathways; drives cancer progression and angiogenesis, yet inhibits TGF-β fibrosis and aids wound repair.
FGF21
FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a liver-derived, fasting-inducible endocrine hormone signaling through the FGFR1–β-klotho complex that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism; its long-acting analogues improve liver fat and fibrosis in MASH trials but have minimal glycemic effects in humans.
FGF23
FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) is a bone-derived endocrine hormone, secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes, that acts on kidney FGFR–α-Klotho receptors to promote phosphate excretion and suppress active vitamin D; excess causes hypophosphatemic rickets, deficiency causes tumoral calcinosis.
FGF3
FGF3 (fibroblast growth factor 3, formerly INT2) is a gene on 11q13.3 encoding a secreted FGF ligand; recessive mutations cause LAMM deafness syndrome, and the locus is co-amplified with FGF4, FGF19, and CCND1 in cancers.
FGF4
FGF4 (HST-1, K-FGF), fibroblast growth factor 4 on chromosome 11 near FGF3: a paracrine FGF signaling via FGFR1c/FGFR2c with heparan sulfate, essential in limb bud and blastocyst patterning, amplified or methylation-activated in cancers including SDH-deficient GIST.
FGF7
FGF7, also called keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is a mesenchyme-secreted human FGF family growth factor acting specifically on epithelial FGFR2b; key in wound reepithelialization, organogenesis, and the basis of the mucositis drug palifermin.
FGF8
FGF8 (fibroblast growth factor 8, AIGF, KAL6) is a protein-coding gene on human chromosome 10q24.32 encoding an FGF ligand binding FGFR1; essential for embryonic development and GnRH neuron migration, mutated in Kallmann syndrome.
FGF9
FGF9 (fibroblast growth factor 9, glia-activating factor, GAF) is a 208-amino-acid secreted heparin-binding paracrine FGF on chromosome 13q12.11, acting via FGFR IIIc isoforms; loss causes lung hypoplasia, sex reversal, and multiple synostoses syndrome 3.