All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fibromatosis of breast
Fibromatosis of the breast, also called mammary or desmoid-type fibromatosis, is a rare, locally aggressive, non-metastasizing fibroblastic breast tumor with Wnt/beta-catenin activation, now often managed by active surveillance.
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy of medium arteries, mainly renal and cervicocranial, affecting women, causing stenosis, aneurysm, dissection, and hypertension.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia, also called fibromyalgia syndrome, is a chronic disorder of widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep problems, diagnosed clinically with no biomarker. It affects about 1.5–2% of people, mostly women; exercise is first-line, drugs give only small benefits.
Fibronectin
Fibronectin: dimeric adhesive glycoprotein of blood, cell surfaces, and extracellular matrix; RGD motif, α5β1 integrin receptor, stretch-driven fibrillogenesis, wound healing, and bacterial FnBP target.
Fibronectin glomerulopathy
Fibronectin glomerulopathy (GFND, glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits): rare autosomal dominant kidney disease from FN1 mutations, with fibronectin deposits in glomeruli, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease in 15-20 years.
Fibropapillomatosis
Fibropapillomatosis (FP), sea turtle fibropapilloma disease linked to Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), causing cutaneous and internal tumors, mainly in green turtles (Chelonia mydas), first described 1938, panzootic since the 1990s.
Fibropolycystic liver disease
Fibropolycystic liver disease (ductal plate malformation, fibrocystic liver disease) is a spectrum of heritable ciliopathy disorders of intrahepatic bile ducts, including congenital hepatic fibrosis, Caroli disease, biliary hamartomas, and polycystic liver disease, causing portal hypertension, cholangitis, and rarely cholangiocarcinoma.
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of fibroblastic origin arising in deep soft tissue and bone, spanning an aggressive adult form and an infantile form with excellent survival.
Fibrosis
Fibrosis, or fibrotic scarring, is the excessive buildup of scar tissue in organs such as the lung, liver, heart, and kidney after chronic injury, impairing function.
Fibrosis of spleen
Fibrosis of spleen (fibrotic spleen, ICD-11 3B81.9) is excess fibrous connective tissue causing partial or complete splenic degradation, following trauma, toxicity, inflammation, infarction, or neoplasia; confirmed by imaging and elastography.
Fibrosis-neurodegeneration-cerebral angiomatosis syndrome
FINCA syndrome (fibrosis, neurodegeneration, cerebral angiomatosis; OMIM 618278, ORPHA:621758) is a rare autosomal recessive NHLRC2-related infantile multisystem disorder with interstitial lung fibrosis, neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, recurrent infections, and macrocytic anemia.
FibroTest
FibroTest is a blood test combining five serum biomarkers, adjusted for age and sex, into a score estimating liver fibrosis stage, a noninvasive alternative to biopsy.
Fibrothorax
Fibrothorax, or pleural peel, is severe fibrosis fusing the visceral and parietal pleura, usually after empyema, hemothorax, or tuberculous pleuritis, causing restrictive lung disease and treated by decortication.
Fibrous astrocyte
Fibrous astrocyte (Cell Ontology CL:4042008), a white-matter astrocyte subtype with long straight processes parallel to axon bundles; GFAP domain diameter 85.6 μm in mouse, 183.2 μm in human; supports axon tracts and contacts vasculature and nodes of Ranvier.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), also called fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome when syndromic, is a rare benign skeletal disorder from postzygotic GNAS mutations in which fibrous tissue replaces bone, causing pain, deformity, and fractures; monostotic in about 70% of cases.
Fibrous joint
Fibrous joint: a joint where bones are united by fibrous connective tissue with no joint cavity. Three types: skull sutures, tooth-socket gomphoses, and syndesmoses between parallel bones like the radius and ulna.
Fibrous red phosphorus
Fibrous red phosphorus, also called fibrous phosphorus, is a crystalline allotrope of phosphorus in which parallel pentagonal phosphorus tubes give it strongly anisotropic properties, investigated for lithium-ion batteries.
Fibula
The fibula, also called the calf bone, is the slim lateral bone of the lower leg. It bears no weight but stabilizes the ankle and forms the lateral malleolus.
Fibula (brooch)
Fibula (brooch): ancient garment fastener, Greek perone, working like a safety pin with pin, body, and catch. Worn from the late Bronze Age to the early Middle Ages, made of bronze, silver, or gold, and classified by type series such as Blinkenberg's.
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome
Fibular aplasia-complex brachydactyly syndrome, or Du Pan syndrome (ORPHA:2639, OMIM 228900), is an autosomal recessive GDF5-related skeletal disorder with fibular aplasia and complex brachydactyly; fewer than 30 cases reported, no specific treatment.
Fibular hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia (congenital fibular deficiency, postaxial hypoplasia) is a congenital partial or complete absence of the fibula with tibial shortening, foot and ankle deformity, and leg length discrepancy; the most common long bone deficiency, treated by lengthening reconstruction or amputation.
Fibulin-1
Fibulin-1 (FBLN1, Gene ID 2192) is a 90-100 kDa extracellular matrix glycoprotein, the first-discovered fibulin, found in plasma, basement membranes, and elastic fibers, with splice variants C and D, roles in fibronectin-dependent matrix assembly, vessel stability, and lung, cancer, and liver disease.
Ficana
Ficana: ancient Latin city on Monte Cugno near the Tiber mouth, east of Ostia, said to be destroyed by Ancus Marcius; excavated 1976-1981 by an Italo-Nordic project.
Ficção científica brasileira
Ficção científica brasileira, meaning Brazilian science fiction, is the science fiction produced in Brazil since 1875, shaped by questions of national identity, modernization, and dictatorship.
Ficciones
Ficciones is a 1944 short story collection by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, published in Buenos Aires and the book that brought him international recognition.
Ficedula
Ficedula (Brisson, 1760) is the largest genus of Old World flycatchers in Muscicapidae, about 30 species including the pied and collared flycatchers; molecular work shows it is not monophyletic as traditionally defined.
Fick principle
The Fick principle states that an organ's blood flow equals its uptake of a substance divided by the difference in concentration between inflow and outflow blood.
Fick's laws of diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion, also called Fickian diffusion, are two equations published by Adolf Fick in 1855 that describe how a substance flows down a concentration gradient.
Ficlatuzumab
Ficlatuzumab (AV-299, SCH 900105), AVEO's humanized anti-HGF IgG1 monoclonal antibody blocking HGF/c-Met signaling; combined with cetuximab for HPV-negative recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer, now in the phase 3 FIERCE-HN trial.
FICO
A FICO score, from Fair Isaac Corporation, is a three-digit consumer credit score ranging from 300 to 850 that predicts how likely a borrower is to repay debt.