All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Financial domination
Financial domination, or findom, is a consensual BDSM kink in which a submissive (pay pig, finsub) pays tributes to a findomme, with financial surrender itself the erotic power exchange, distinct from financial abuse and studied as online sex work.
Financial econometrics
Financial econometrics combines mathematical and statistical theory to solve problems in financial economics, modeling and forecasting prices, returns, interest rates, and defaults, with volatility, never directly observed, as its central object of interest.
Financial endowment
A financial endowment, or endowment fund, is a pool of donated money and securities an institution invests and spends from each year, dominated in the United States by universities.
Financial engineering
Financial engineering is the application of mathematical methods to finance, covering derivative valuation, portfolio structuring, and risk management; it emerged as a distinct academic field in the 1990s.
Financial globalization
Financial globalization is the growth of cross-border financial linkages, measured by foreign assets and liabilities, which rose from about 20% of world GDP in 1980 to more than double it.
Financial inclusion
Financial inclusion, also called economic inclusion, is the condition in which adults and firms can access and use formal financial services such as accounts, payments, savings, credit, and insurance.
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) is the private not-for-profit self-regulatory organization overseeing U.S. broker-dealers, formed July 30, 2007 from NASD and NYSE member regulation, SEC-overseen, funded by member fees, and operating the largest securities arbitration forum.
Financial Information eXchange
The Financial Information eXchange (FIX) protocol is an open, application-layer messaging standard for electronic trading between financial institutions, begun in 1992 and maintained by the FIX Trading Community.
Financial institution
A financial institution, also called a banking institution, is an entity that channels funds from savers to borrowers, including banks, credit unions, insurers, and investment funds.
Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) is a United States federal law that restructured savings and loan regulation after the savings and loan crisis.
Financial instrument
A financial instrument is a contract creating a financial asset for one party and a liability or equity instrument for another, including receivables, equities, and derivatives.
Financial intermediary
A financial intermediary, also called financial intermediation, is an institution such as a bank that stands between savers and borrowers, transforming maturity, liquidity, and risk; non-bank intermediaries now hold most global financial assets.
Financial liberalization
Financial liberalization is the removal of government restrictions on financial activity, including interest-rate ceilings, credit controls, banking entry barriers, and restrictions on cross-border capital flows.
Financial literacy
Financial literacy: the combination of awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior needed for sound financial decisions and well-being. Also called financial capability; measured by OECD PISA for 15-year-olds (18% below basic proficiency in 2022) and studied through meta-analyses of financial education effects.
Financial management
Financial management is the finance manager's discipline of investment, financing, and dividend decisions, from capital budgeting and capital structure to working capital and cash flow.
Financial market
A financial market is an organized arena where instruments such as stocks, bonds, foreign exchange, and derivatives are issued and traded, on exchanges or over the counter.
Financial modeling
Financial modeling is the construction of structured, time-based quantitative models of a business, security, or portfolio that translate input assumptions into forecast outcomes for decisions.
Financial network
A financial network is the web of claims and exposures, such as interbank loans, among institutions like banks and hedge funds, through which shocks spread by contagion.
Financial ratio
A financial ratio, also called an accounting ratio, is a quantity computed by dividing one financial statement item by another, used to evaluate a company's liquidity, profitability, leverage, efficiency, or valuation.
Financial reform of Kankrin
The Financial reform of Kankrin (Денежная реформа Канкрина) was a monetary reform of the Russian Empire, carried out 1839–1843 by Finance Minister Egor Frantsevich, Count Kankrin.
Financial reforms of Qaytbay
The financial reforms of Qaytbay (إصلاحات قايتباي المالية) were tax, confiscation, and fiscal measures under Mamluk sultan Qaytbay (r. 1468–96) to restore the sultanate's finances.
Financial regulation
Financial regulation: rules and supervision governing banks and securities markets. Key landmarks: Glass-Steagall 1933 and the FDIC, Gramm-Leach-Bliley 1999, Dodd-Frank 2010, and the Basel I-III capital accords.
Financial relief on divorce in England and Wales
Financial relief on divorce in England and Wales is the set of court orders under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 dividing divorcing spouses' money, property, and pensions.
Financial Review Rich List 2025
The Financial Review Rich List 2025 is the 43rd annual ranking of Australia's 200 wealthiest people and families, topped for a sixth straight year by Gina Rinehart.
Financial risk management
Financial risk management is the practice of identifying, measuring, and mitigating a firm's financial exposures through policies, quantitative measures like value at risk, and Basel capital rules.
Financial services
Financial services, also known as the financial services industry or financial sector, are the economic services managing money through banking, insurance, lending, payments, trading, and asset management, generating $6.8 trillion in revenue in 2023.
Financial Services Agency
The Financial Services Agency, also known as the FSA (金融庁), is Japan's integrated regulator of banking, securities, and insurance, reorganized from the Financial Supervisory Agency in July 2000.
Financial Services Authority (United Kingdom)
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was the United Kingdom's single regulator for banking, securities, and insurance from 1997 until 1 April 2013, when it split into the FCA and PRA.
Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center
The Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC), founded in 1999, is a nonprofit sharing cyber and physical threat intelligence among financial institutions worldwide.
Financial stability
Financial stability is the condition in which a financial system, meaning its banks, lenders, markets, and infrastructures, keeps supplying financing to households and businesses even under adverse shocks.