All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Finite-size scaling
Finite-size scaling (FSS) is the universal behavior of large but finite systems near a continuous phase transition, letting critical properties of the infinite system be extracted from finite samples.
Finite-state machine
A finite-state machine (FSM), also called a finite-state automaton, is an abstract mathematical model of computation with a finite set of states and a transition function.
Finite-state transducer
A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine that reads an input string and emits an output string, widely used in computational linguistics, speech recognition, and text processing.
Finite-variable infinitary logic
Finite-variable infinitary logic, L^k∞ω, allows infinitely long conjunctions and disjunctions but limits formulas to at most k variables, and its union over all finite k is the main yardstick of expressiveness in finite model theory.
Finitely generated group
A finitely generated group is a group whose every element is a product of powers of elements from some finite generating set, a basic finiteness condition in group theory.
Finitely generated module
A finitely generated module is a module expressible as combinations of finitely many elements, the analog of a spanning set in linear algebra over general rings.
Finitism
Finitism is a position in the philosophy of mathematics, due to David Hilbert, restricting reasoning to finite, executable arguments; it underpinned his program for proving mathematics consistent.
Fink truss
The Fink truss is a bridge and roof truss patented by engineer Albert Fink in 1854, in which paired wrought-iron tension diagonals support the feet of vertical compression posts.
Finke Gorge National Park
Finke Gorge National Park, central Australia, 138 km west of Alice Springs; home of Palm Valley and the Red Cabbage Palm (Livistona mariae), 46,000 ha, jointly managed with Arrernte Traditional Owners.
Finkelstein's test
Finkelstein's test, a wrist physical-exam maneuver for de Quervain's tenosynovitis, also called Finkelstein sign: thumb held in palm, ulnar deviation, pain at radial styloid; more specific than the commonly confused Eichhoff test.
Finland
Finland (Suomi) is a Nordic parliamentary republic of 5.65 million people, independent from Russia since 1917, an EU member since 1995 and NATO's 31st member since April 2023, with a 1,340 km Russian border, high HDI (0.948), and GDP growth of 0.2% in 2025.
Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Finland at Eurovision 2026 (Vienna): entry 'Liekinheitin' by Linda Lampenius x Pete Parkkonen, won UMK 2026 in Tampere; 3rd in semi-final (227 pts), 6th in final (279 pts); pre-contest favorite; Bulgaria won.
Finland in World War II
Finland in World War II: three wars, the Winter War (1939-40), Continuation War (1941-44) against the USSR, and Lapland War (1944-45) against Germany; independence preserved with 90,000 dead.
Finland men's national ice hockey team
Finland men's national ice hockey team, Leijonat (Lions), Finland's IIHF World Championship and Olympic team since 1928. Five world titles (1995, 2011, 2019, 2022, 2026) and first Olympic gold at Beijing 2022.
Finland national football team
Finland national football team (Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue), men's team run by the Football Association of Finland; first major tournament at Euro 2020 (Group B, third place), never at a World Cup; Litmanen caps record, Pukki top scorer.
Finland Railway Bridge (Финляндский железнодорожный мост)
The Finland Railway Bridge (Финляндский железнодорожный мост) is a bascule railway bridge over the Neva in Saint Petersburg, opened in 1913 and actually two parallel single-track bridges.
Finland-Swedish literature
Finland-Swedish literature (finlandssvensk litteratur) is the literature written in Swedish by Finland's Swedish-speaking minority, concentrated along the coast in Svenskfinland since Swedish rule ended in 1809.
Finland-Swedish modernism
Finland-Swedish modernism is the literary modernist movement of Finland's Swedish-speaking minority, beginning in 1916 with Edith Södergran's Dikter and led by Södergran, Hagar Olsson, and Elmer Diktonius.
Finland–NATO relations
Finland–NATO relations: Finland's decades as a NATO partner (Partnership for Peace 1994, Enhanced Opportunity Partner), its May 2022 application with Sweden after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and accession as NATO's 31st member on 4 April 2023.
Finland–Russia relations
Finland–Russia relations: ties between neighbors sharing a 1,340 km border, shaped by the 1939–44 wars, the 1948–92 FCMA pact and Finlandization, then NATO accession in April 2023 and border closure since December 2023.
Finlandia
Finlandia, Op. 26 is Jean Sibelius's 1899 symphonic poem, revised 1900, from the Press Celebrations Music finale "Finland Awakens." Retitled on Axel Carpelan's suggestion, censored under names like Impromptu, its Finlandia Hymn is Finland's unofficial second anthem.
Finlandia Hall
Finlandia Hall (Finlandia-talo) is a white marble concert and congress venue in Helsinki, designed by Alvar Aalto, completed in 1971, and reopened in 2025 after renovation.
Finlandia Prize
The Finlandia Prize (Finlandia-palkinto) is an annual Finnish literary award given by the Finnish Book Foundation since 1984 and widely described as Finland's most prestigious literary prize.
Finlandia Prize for Nonfiction
The Finlandia Prize for Nonfiction (Tietokirjallisuuden Finlandia), historically Tieto-Finlandia, is a Finnish literary prize awarded annually since 1989 by the Finnish Book Foundation to a meritorious nonfiction book, worth 30,000 euros.
Finlandization
Finlandization (Finnish: suomettuminen) describes a small state's accommodation of a great-power neighbor's foreign policy, named for Cold War Finland's deference to the Soviet Union under the 1948 FCMA treaty, ending in 1991.
FINLANDS
FINLANDS is a Japanese rock act from Kanagawa Prefecture formed in 2012 by Fuyuko Shioiri and Kayo Koshimizu; after Koshimizu left in 2019, it became Shioiri's project.
Finlay A. McAlister
Finlay A. McAlister is a Canadian general internist and clinical researcher at the University of Alberta, known for outcomes research in heart failure, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
Finlay Armstrong
Finlay Armstrong (born 2003, Liverpool), English left-back/left wing-back; Burnley academy, Fleetwood Town, Rochdale, now Waterford FC in the League of Ireland Premier Division; brother of Everton's Harrison Armstrong.
Finlay Christie (comedian)
Finlay Christie, British stand-up comedian and TikTok creator, So You Think You're Funny winner 2019, Edinburgh Fringe shows OK Zoomer, I Deserve This, Champagne Casanova, voice of Yojojo in Waybuloo.
Finlay Herrick
Finlay Jacob Herrick (born 2006, Hatfield) is an English goalkeeper for West Ham United, number 49, an academy product since age six, England U20 international, ex-Boreham Wood loanee, debut 5 April 2026.