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All articles starting with F

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First Attack

First Attack is an impartial abstract board game credited to Frank Harary: players alternately drop neutral stones on a square board (say 8x8) so no stone shares a row, column, or diagonal with another; the last player to move wins. Also known as a queens placement game.

First Audiencia of Mexico

The First Audiencia of Mexico (Primera Audiencia de México) was the royal tribunal governing New Spain from 1528, notorious for abuses under Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán.

First Australian Imperial Force

The First Australian Imperial Force, or First AIF, was the volunteer army Australia raised in 1914 for World War I, fighting at Gallipoli and the Western Front.

First Austrian Republic

First Austrian Republic (Erste Republik, Republik Österreich), 1918–1938 post-Habsburg successor state, distinct from the Second Republic after 1945; B-VG constitution of 1920, Geneva Protocol loan of 1922, ended by Austrofascism and the 1938 Anschluss.

First Babylonian dynasty

The First Babylonian dynasty, also called the Amorite dynasty, was a line of eleven Amorite-origin kings who ruled Babylon for about 300 years, from 1894 to 1595 BC.

First Balkan War

The First Balkan War (1912-1913) pitted the Balkan League of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire, which lost almost all its European territory; it ended with the Treaty of London in May 1913 and led to the Second Balkan War.

First Bank of the United States

The First Bank of the United States was a federally chartered bank opened in Philadelphia in 1791 with $10 million in capital; Congress let its charter lapse in 1811.

First Baptist Church in America

First Baptist Church in America, Providence, Rhode Island: oldest Baptist congregation in the United States, founded by Roger Williams in 1638; its 1774–75 Joseph Brown Meeting House is a National Historic Landmark.

First Barbary War

The First Barbary War (1801–1805) pitted the United States against the state of Tripoli over tribute payments demanded by Pasha Karamanli for safe passage in the Mediterranean.

First Barons' War

The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was an English civil war between King John and rebel barons led by Robert Fitzwalter, who invited Prince Louis of France; it ended with the 1217 peace settlement and Magna Carta's reissue under Henry III.

First Battle of Amgala

The First Battle of Amgala was a January 1976 engagement in Western Sahara in which Moroccan forces defeated an Algerian army unit, taking over 100 prisoners.

First Battle of Anandpur

The First Battle of Anandpur (ਪਹਿਲੀ ਆਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ) was a 1700 or 1701 attack on Guru Gobind Singh's fortified seat of Anandpur Sahib by hill rajas and Mughal allies.

First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also called First Manassas, was the first major land battle of the American Civil War, fought near Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861.

First Battle of Capua

The First Battle of Capua was a battle fought in 212 BC at Capua, in which Hannibal attacked the Roman consular armies besieging the city during the Second Punic War.

First Battle of Changsha

The First Battle of Changsha (第一次长沙会战) was a September–October 1939 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War in which Xue Yue's Chinese forces repelled Japan's attack on Changsha.

First Battle of Donetsk Airport

The First Battle of Donetsk Airport was an engagement fought on May 26, 2014, in eastern Ukraine. Ukrainian forces repelled pro-Russian militants attempting to seize the airport complex.

First Battle of Dongola

The First Battle of Dongola was a 642 clash between an Arab Rashidun raiding force and the Christian Nubian kingdom of Makuria, which forced the Arabs to withdraw with heavy casualties.

First Battle of El Alamein (معركة العلمين الأولى)

First Battle of El Alamein (معركة العلمين الأولى), 1–27 July 1942: Auchinleck's British Eighth Army halted Rommel's Panzerarmee Afrika at the El Alamein line between the Mediterranean and Qattara Depression, ending a stalemate that preceded Alam Halfa and the Second Battle of El Alamein.

First Battle of Fallujah

First Battle of Fallujah (Operation Vigilant Resolve, April 2004): U.S. Marine offensive into Fallujah, Iraq, after the killing of four Blackwater contractors; halted under political and media pressure, ending with a Marine withdrawal and insurgent control until November 2004.

First Battle of Guararapes

The First Battle of Guararapes (Primeira Batalha dos Guararapes) was fought on 19 April 1648 in Pernambuco, where about 2,200 Luso-Brazilian troops under Francisco Barreto de Menezes defeated a larger Dutch force.

First Battle of Homs

The First Battle of Homs was fought near Homs, Syria, on 10 December 1260, when local Syrian forces under al-Ashraf Musa defeated a Mongol raiding army of the Ilkhanate.

First Battle of Naktong Bulge

The First Battle of Naktong Bulge was a Korean War battle fought August 5 to 19, 1950, in which American forces repelled a North Korean crossing of the Naktong River.

First Battle of Panipat

The First Battle of Panipat was fought near Panipat, in present-day Haryana, on 21 April 1526, where Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi, founding the Mughal Empire in India.

First Battle of Seoul

The First Battle of Seoul was the North Korean capture of the South Korean capital on 28 June 1950, three days after invading across the 38th parallel.

First Battle of Tarain

The First Battle of Tarain was an 1191 battle in Haryana, India, where Prithviraj Chauhan's Rajput forces defeated the invading army of Muhammad of Ghor.

First Battle of the Marne

First Battle of the Marne, or Miracle of the Marne (6-10 September 1914): Allied counteroffensive near Paris that halted the German advance, opened a 48-km gap between Kluck's and Bülow's armies, and ended the Schlieffen Plan.

First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, September 1914 East Prussian battle; German Eighth Army under Hindenburg drove Rennenkampf's Russian First Army out of Germany after Tannenberg, though without encircling it.

First Battle of Ueda

The First Battle of Ueda (第一次上田合戦), also called the Battle of Kangawa, was a 1585 battle in which Sanada Masayuki defeated a larger Tokugawa army at Ueda Castle in Shinano Province.

First Battle of Ypres

First Battle of Ypres, 19 October–22 November 1914, also called the Battles of Flanders by Germany: last German attempt to break through to the Channel ports; ended the Race to the Sea and nearly destroyed the original BEF.

First Bay

First Bay is a bay in Monroe County, Florida, within Everglades National Park near the Lostmans River and Gulf of Mexico, at about 25.5486 N, 81.1973 W; distinct from other places named First Bay.