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All articles starting with F

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First World

First World: Cold War term for the US-led capitalist bloc (Western Europe, North America, Japan), coined via Alfred Sauvy's 1952 three-worlds model; now informal shorthand for a developed country, replaced formally by World Bank, IMF, and UN classifications.

First Zemsky Sobor

The First Zemsky Sobor (Собор примирения 1549 года) was an assembly convened by Tsar Ivan IV in Moscow in 1549, regarded as the first of its kind.

First-class citizen

A first-class citizen in programming languages is an entity, such as a function, that can be named, passed, returned, and stored like any ordinary value.

First-class cricket

First-class cricket is the official ICC classification for the highest standard of two-innings, three-or-more-day cricket, including Test matches and domestic competitions like the County Championship, Sheffield Shield, and Ranji Trophy.

First-class cricketers for Australian state teams

A reference list of first-class cricketers for Australia's six state teams, where players are numbered by cap and debut season, with Victoria's register beginning in 1850-51, decades before the Sheffield Shield.

First-class cricketers for Indian state teams

First-class cricketers for Indian state teams are players who have represented state sides such as Mumbai, Delhi, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, chiefly in the Ranji Trophy.

First-class function

A first-class function is a function that a programming language treats as an ordinary value, one that can be passed to other functions, returned as a result, and stored in variables.

First-degree atrioventricular block

First-degree atrioventricular block (first-degree AV delay): PR interval over 200 ms with 1:1 conduction, usually asymptomatic; Framingham data link it to atrial fibrillation, pacemaker implantation, and mortality.

First-level administrative divisions

First-level administrative divisions are territorial units immediately below the national government, such as states, provinces, or counties; a 2009 study counted 2,950 across 196 countries.

First-level regions of Central Asia

The first-level regions of Central Asia are the top administrative tiers of the five Central Asian states, including Kazakhstan's 17 regions and Uzbekistan's 14 units.

First-move advantage in chess

First-move advantage in chess: the edge held by White, who moves first. Engine analysis of 73,444 games puts it near 0.17 pawns, larger for grandmasters (54-56% of decisive games) than amateurs; the White-moves-first rule dates from the 1800s.

First-mover advantage

First-mover advantage, also called first to market, is the benefit a firm gains by entering a new market before rivals, a concept formalized in 1988.

First-order logic

First-order logic, also called first-order predicate calculus, is a formal logical system whose quantifiers range over individual objects only; it is the standard language for formalizing mathematics.

First-order reliability method

The first-order reliability method (FORM) is a structural reliability method that approximates failure probability by linearizing the limit state function at the design point, needing only a few dozen function evaluations.

First-order theory

A first-order theory is a set of sentences in a first-order language, typically given by a signature and axioms, and is the standard way to axiomatize parts of mathematics.

First-Pass Ventriculography

First-pass ventriculography (FPRNV, first-pass radionuclide angiography): nuclear medicine technique imaging a radionuclide bolus during one transit through the heart; preferred for right ventricular ejection fraction and intracardiac shunts, distinct from equilibrium MUGA.

First-past-the-post voting

First-past-the-post voting, also called single-member plurality voting, elects the candidate with the most votes in each single-seat constituency; used for the UK House of Commons, Canada, and India, it tends toward two-party systems and disproportional seat-vote outcomes.

First-person narrative

First-person narrative: storytelling mode in which a narrator within the story uses I or we; covers protagonist and peripheral narrators, focalization, Booth's unreliable narrator, history, reader effects, and journalism.

First-person shooter

First-person shooter (FPS), a video game genre played from a character's viewpoint with shooting as the main action; defined by 3D navigation and online multiplayer, popularized by Wolfenstein 3D and Doom, and a leading esports category.

First-person view (radio control)

First-person view (FPV) is a method of flying a radio-controlled drone in which the pilot steers from a live camera feed to goggles, underpinning freestyle flying and drone racing.

First-price sealed-bid auction

A first-price sealed-bid auction is an auction where bidders submit sealed bids simultaneously without seeing each other's bids; the highest bid wins, and the winner pays exactly the amount it bid.

First-rate

A first rate was the largest class of warship in the British Royal Navy's sailing rating system, a three-decked ship of the line mounting 100 guns or more.

First-sale doctrine

First-sale doctrine, codified at 17 U.S.C. § 109 and also called copyright exhaustion, lets the owner of a lawfully made copy resell, lend, or give it away without permission; covers Bobbs-Merrill, Kirtsaeng, rental limits, and digital limits.

First-tier Tribunal

First-tier Tribunal: the first-instance general tribunal of the UK tribunal system, created by the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 on 3 November 2008. Hears first-instance appeals in seven chambers, with onward appeal to the Upper Tribunal on points of law.

First-wave black metal

First-wave black metal, roughly 1982–1991, names the scattered extreme metal bands (Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Sarcófago) whose satanic imagery and raw sound, named by Venom's 1982 album Black Metal, preceded and fed the Norwegian second wave.

First-wave feminism

First-wave feminism: 19th–early 20th-century feminist movement focused on legal inequalities, especially women's suffrage, from Seneca Falls 1848 to the Nineteenth Amendment's 1920 ratification; also called the women's suffrage movement.

First-week sales (Hanteo)

First-week sales, known in Korean as chodong, count the albums a K-pop artist sells in the seven days after release, tracked in real time by Hanteo Chart.

First‑tier city

First-tier city (一线城市): the top level of China's informal city hierarchy, usually Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen; Yicai's annual ranking adds 15 new first-tier cities such as Chengdu and Hangzhou.

FirstBank Stadium

FirstBank Stadium, formerly Dudley Field and Vanderbilt Stadium, is Vanderbilt University's on-campus football stadium in Nashville, opened October 14, 1922 as the South's first football-only stadium, rebuilt in 1981, and renamed in 2022.

FirstClub

FirstClub is a Bengaluru-based Indian startup selling curated premium groceries and household products in 20 to 25 minutes, founded in 2024 by former Flipkart executives.