All articles starting with F
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FIS Snowboard World Championships
FIS Snowboard World Championships, held jointly with Freestyle and Freeski, biennial in odd years; first held 1996 in Lienz, Austria; next in Montafon 2027, Zhangjiakou 2029, with annual editions planned from 2032.
FIS Snowboard World Cup
The FIS Snowboard World Cup is an annual series of international snowboarding competitions run by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation, awarding crystal globes across disciplines since 1994.
Fiscal (fiskaly)
The fiscals (Фискалы) were secret supervisory officials of the Russian Empire, created by Peter I in 1711 to denounce corruption and embezzlement, and abolished in the early 1730s.
Fiscal Commission (Zhuanyun Si)
The Fiscal Commission (转运使司), also called the Caosi, was the Song dynasty's circuit-level fiscal agency that collected revenues, shipped them to the capital, and supervised local officials.
Fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism, also called traditional economic conservatism or classical liberal economics, is a philosophy favoring limited spending, low taxes, balanced budgets, free trade, and modest regulation, rooted in Smith, Ricardo, Friedman, and Stigler and peaking politically under Thatcher, Reagan, and Kohl.
Fiscal dominance
Fiscal dominance is a monetary policy regime in which the central bank's choices are constrained by the government's budget, named by Sargent and Wallace in 1981.
Fiscal federalism
Fiscal federalism is the study of how fiscal responsibilities and revenues are divided among the levels of government in a country, centered on the assignment problem.
Fiscal policy
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, set by the national government, in contrast to monetary policy run by a central bank.
Fiscal Rescript of Umar II
The Fiscal Rescript of Umar II (إصلاحات عمر بن عبد العزيز) is a letter on taxation attributed to the Umayyad caliph Umar II, ruling 717 to 720.
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) is an Indian law setting statutory fiscal deficit and debt-to-GDP targets for the central government, in force since 2004.
Fiscal year
A fiscal year, also called a financial year, is a twelve-month accounting period an organization uses for reporting and budgeting, which can start in any month.
Fischer 344 rat
The Fischer 344 rat (F344) is an inbred albino laboratory rat developed at Columbia University in the 1920s and used for decades as the principal rat strain of the US National Toxicology Program.
Fischer Black
Fischer Black (1938–1995) was an American economist who co-created the Black–Scholes option-pricing formula, recognized in the 1997 Nobel citation, and later the Black–Derman–Toy and Black–Litterman models at Goldman Sachs.
Fischer carbene
A Fischer carbene is an electrophilic metal carbene complex of a low-valent late transition metal, typically bearing alkoxy or amino groups, first reported by Ernst Otto Fischer in 1964.
Fischer projection
The Fischer projection, or Fischer notation, is a two-dimensional drawing convention showing stereochemistry at chiral centers, proposed by Emil Fischer in 1891 and still used for carbohydrates.
Fischer random chess
Fischer random chess, also called Chess960 or Freestyle chess, is Bobby Fischer's 1996 chess variant with 960 randomized back-rank starting positions, bishops on opposite colors, king between rooks, and standard-chess castling destinations; FIDE world champion since 2019 (Wesley So).
Fischer–Spassky (1992 match)
Fischer–Spassky 1992: unofficial rematch of the 1972 world championship, played in Sveti Stefan and Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Fischer won 10–5 with 15 draws for a $3.35 million purse; both players faced sanctions charges.
Fischer–Speier esterification
Fischer–Speier esterification, also called Fischer esterification, is the acid-catalyzed reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water, reported by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier in 1895.
Fischer–Tropsch process
The Fischer–Tropsch process, also known as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, is a set of catalytic reactions converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons, developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in 1923.
Fischerspooner
Fischerspooner, a New York electroclash duo of Warren Fischer and Casey Spooner formed in 1998, known for theatrical art-pop shows, the anthem "Emerge", and albums #1, Odyssey, and Sir.
Fischertechnik
Fischertechnik is a German construction toy invented by Artur Fischer, made by fischertechnik GmbH in Waldachtal and used for building mechanics, electronics, and robotics models.
Fischl (Genshin Impact)
Fischl (菲谢尔), full name Fischl von Luftschloss Narfidort, is a 4-star Electro Bow investigator of the Adventurers' Guild in Genshin Impact, self-styled Prinzessin der Verurteilung, who fights through her night raven familiar Oz; released in Version 1.0, voiced by Brittany Cox and Uchida Maaya.
Fischmarkt
Fischmarkt is a 2006 board game by Mario Papini, published by Clementoni, in which three to five players bid for fish catches and sell to customers.
Fiserv
Fiserv, Inc. is an American payments and financial services technology company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, best known for its Clover point-of-sale platform and core account processing for banks.
Fiserv Forum
Fiserv Forum, formerly the Wisconsin Entertainment and Sports Center, is an indoor arena in downtown Milwaukee, opened in 2018 as home of the Milwaukee Bucks and Marquette basketball.
Fisetin
Fisetin is a plant flavonol found in fruits and vegetables, especially strawberries, known as the most potent senolytic flavonoid in cell studies, with limited human evidence.
Fish
Fish: aquatic gill-breathing vertebrates with fins, spanning jawless, cartilaginous, and bony groups (not a true clade); over 32,000 species, ~500-million-year fossil record, and record 235 million tonnes of fisheries and aquaculture production in 2024.
Fish (singer)
Fish (Derek William Dick, born 1958, Dalkeith, Scotland), Scottish singer-songwriter; lead singer and lyricist of neo-prog band Marillion 1981-1988 (Misplaced Childhood, Kayleigh), then 11 solo albums 1990-2020, ending with Weltschmerz and a 2025 farewell tour.
Fish & Richardson
Fish & Richardson P.C. is a Boston-founded (1878) intellectual property law firm specializing in patent litigation, prosecution, and PTAB post-grant work, with 12 U.S. offices plus Munich and Shenzhen; early clients included Bell, Edison, and the Wright Brothers.
Fish anatomy
Fish anatomy: body structure of bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish. Covers skeleton, tessellated cartilage, fins, myotomes, swim bladder, otoliths, lateral line, gills, and circulation.