All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fair Credit Reporting Act
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 15 U.S.C. 1681-1681x, is the 1970 U.S. federal law regulating consumer reporting agencies, dispute reinvestigation, permissible report uses, and furnishers, administered by the CFPB through Regulation V.
FAIR data principles
FAIR data principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable; guidelines from FORCE11's Wilkinson et al. 2016 Scientific Data paper making research data and metadata machine-actionable for reuse, distinct from open data and complemented by CARE principles.
Fair Deal
The Fair Deal was President Harry S. Truman's domestic liberal program, named from his January 1949 State of the Union promise of "a fair deal" for every American, distinct from FDR's New Deal and LBJ's Great Society; it passed the Housing Act of 1949, the National Science Foundation, and Social Security expansion, while national health insurance and civil rights bills were blocked.
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692–1692p, is the main US federal law restricting third-party debt collectors, enacted in 1977, covering personal, family, and household debts and enforced by the FTC and CFPB through Regulation F.
Fair Friend Group
Fair Friend Group (FFG; 友嘉集团) is a Taiwan-based industrial conglomerate founded in 1979, operating machine tool, industrial equipment, and green energy divisions across 94 companies.
Fair Game (2010 film)
Fair Game is a 2010 American biographical political thriller directed by Doug Liman, starring Naomi Watts and Sean Penn, dramatizing the 2003 Plame affair and competing at Cannes.
Fair Isle
Fair Isle: remote Shetland island, 24 miles from mainland, about 60 residents, 761 hectares. Famous for its bird observatory (founded 1948 by George Waterston), Fair Isle knitting, and its £45.4M ferry replacement project.
Fair Isle (technique)
Fair Isle is a Shetland stranded colorwork knitting technique from Fair Isle island, using no more than two colors per row, geometric motifs, Shetland wool, floats under five stitches, popularized by the Prince of Wales in 1921.
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) is the U.S. federal wage-and-hour law establishing minimum wage, overtime after 40 hours, recordkeeping, and child labor standards, enforced by the Wage and Hour Division.
Fair Play (2023 film)
Fair Play (2023) is Chloe Domont's feature debut, an erotic thriller starring Phoebe Dynevor and Alden Ehrenreich as engaged hedge fund analysts whose relationship collapses after her promotion; Sundance premiere, Netflix release October 6, 2023.
FAIR principles
The FAIR principles are fifteen guidelines for data management, published in 2016, stating that scholarly data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable for machines and people.
Fair Sentencing Act
Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-220), U.S. law signed August 3, 2010 that cut the crack-to-powder cocaine ratio from 100:1 to 18:1, raised crack quantity thresholds, and ended mandatory minimums for simple possession; made retroactive by the 2018 First Step Act.
Fair trade
Fair trade is a trading arrangement and certification system in which buyers guarantee producer cooperatives a minimum price plus a premium, and the activist movement that created it.
Fair trade coffee
Fair trade coffee is coffee marketed through certification schemes, led by Fairtrade International, that assure growers a $1.80 per pound floor price, a community premium, and audited standards.
Fair use
Fair use is a U.S. copyright doctrine under 17 U.S.C. §107 permitting unlicensed use of copyrighted works, weighed through four statutory factors; also distinguished from fair dealing and applied in AI training litigation.
Fair value hedge
A fair value hedge is a hedge accounting method that offsets changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment from a designated risk.
Fair value hierarchy
The fair value hierarchy is a three-level classification under US GAAP Topic 820 and IFRS 13 that ranks valuation inputs by observability, from quoted market prices to unobservable inputs.
Fair value measurement
Fair value measurement is an accounting method estimating the price an asset or liability would fetch in an orderly transaction between market participants, reported in financial statements.
Fair Warning (Van Halen album)
Fair Warning is Van Halen's fourth studio album, released April 29, 1981 on Warner Bros. The darkest, heaviest David Lee Roth-era record, it peaked at #5 on the Billboard 200, sold about two million copies, and produced no Hot 100 singles.
Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife
The Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife is a double-edged British commando dagger designed from Shanghai police experience and issued widely to Allied special forces in World War II.
Fairbanks Morse
Fairbanks Morse is an American manufacturer of medium-speed diesel engines in Beloit, Wisconsin, best known for opposed-piston engines powering US Navy submarines since the 1930s.
Fairbanks North Star Borough School District
Fairbanks North Star Borough School District (FNSBSD), Alaska district #16, runs 30-plus schools serving about 11,857 students (2024-25), with over 25% military-connected, facing enrollment decline, a $16 million deficit, and a five-school consolidation plan.
Fairbanks-Morse Erie-built and C-liner locomotives
The Fairbanks-Morse Erie-built and C-liner were two families of cab-unit diesel locomotives built between 1945 and 1955, powered by FM's opposed-piston engine from submarine service.
Fairbanks-Morse H-series road-switchers
The Fairbanks-Morse H-series was a family of diesel-electric road-switcher locomotives built from 1947 to 1963, ranging from the H-10-44 to the 2,400 hp Train Master.
Fairbanks, Alaska
Fairbanks, Alaska: interior Alaska's second-largest city on the Chena River, founded 1901, incorporated 1903 during the Felix Pedro gold rush; subarctic winters with strong temperature inversions that trap pollution; home to University of Alaska Fairbanks and military installations.
Fairchild Aircraft
Fairchild Aircraft was an American aircraft manufacturer founded by Sherman Fairchild in 1924, known for the PT-19 trainer, C-119 Flying Boxcar, and A-10 Thunderbolt II.
Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
The Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (Navy designation R4Q) is an American twin-boom military transport, first flown in 1947 and used in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Fairchild C-123 Provider
The Fairchild C-123 Provider is an American military assault transport built by Fairchild that carried troops and cargo to short, unprepared airstrips from 1955 into the 1980s.
Fairchild C-26 Metroliner
The Fairchild C-26 Metroliner is the US military version of the Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner twin turboprop, used by the Army, Navy, and Air National Guard for transport and surveillance.
Fairchild C-82 Packet
The Fairchild C-82 Packet was an American twin-engine, twin-boom military cargo aircraft, first flown in 1944 with 223 built, whose redesign produced the C-119 Flying Boxcar.