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All articles starting with F

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Flag

A flag is cloth displayed from a staff or cord as a standard, ensign, or signal. The article covers its etymology, ancient standards, the Roman vexillum, national flags, vexillology, and design principles.

Flag algebra

A flag algebra is a formal calculus in extremal combinatorics, introduced by Alexander Razborov in 2007, that derives bounds on graph and hypergraph density problems via computer-assisted semidefinite programs.

Flag and seal of Virginia

Flag and seal of Virginia: Commonwealth emblems. Seal designed by George Wythe, 1776, showing Virtus defeating Tyranny with motto Sic Semper Tyrannis; flag adopted April 30, 1861, placing the seal's obverse on deep blue.

Flag carrier

A flag carrier, also known as a national carrier or flagship airline, is a national airline a state designates, owns, or promotes as its representative in international air transport.

Flag Day (film)

Flag Day (2021) is a drama directed by and starring Sean Penn with his daughter Dylan Penn, adapted from Jennifer Vogel's memoir Flim-Flam Man about counterfeiter John Vogel; it competed at Cannes 2021. Not the 2026 Shea documentary.

Flag Day (United States)

Flag Day (United States), observed June 14, commemorates the 1777 adoption of the Stars and Stripes; not a federal holiday, proclaimed annually by the President since Wilson's 1916 proclamation, permanent under Truman's 1949 law.

Flag desecration

Flag desecration, usually burning, is protected symbolic speech in the US per Texas v. Johnson (1989) and United States v. Eichman (1990), while countries like Germany and Japan criminalize it; a 2025 executive order seeks prosecutions.

Flag Fen

Flag Fen, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: a Bronze Age timber post alignment and platform, about 1 km long, built c. 1300–900 BC between Fengate and Northey, discovered 1982 by Francis Pryor, a scheduled monument with waterlogged preservation and ritual metalwork deposition.

Flag football

Flag football: non-contact American football where defenders pull a flag belt to stop the ball carrier. Played 5-a-side in NFL Flag; over 20 million players in 100 countries; Olympic debut at LA 2028.

Flag football at the 2028 Summer Olympics

Flag football at the 2028 Summer Olympics, also LA28 flag football, makes its Olympic debut with men's and women's 6-team 5-on-5 tournaments at Exposition Park Stadium, July 15-22, with NFL players eligible.

Flag manifold

A flag manifold is the space of all flags, nested sequences of linear subspaces with prescribed dimensions, in a vector space, generalizing Grassmannians and projective space.

Flag of Afghanistan

Flag of Afghanistan: changed at least 18 times in a century; black emirate banner, 1928 black-red-green tricolor, communist red flag, and the white Shahada banner the Taliban restored in August 2021, while the 2004 tricolor persists internationally.

Flag of Alabama

Flag of Alabama: the official state flag, a crimson saltire of St. Andrew on white, adopted February 16, 1895 by Act No. 383; preceded by the 1861 Republic of Alabama flag; shape unspecified by law.

Flag of Alaska

Flag of Alaska: dark blue state flag with eight gold stars, seven forming the Big Dipper plus Polaris, designed in 1927 by 13-year-old Benny Benson in a school contest and adopted May 2, 1927.

Flag of Albania

Flag of Albania (Flamuri i Shqipërisë): red field with black double-headed eagle, from Skanderbeg's 1443 Kastrioti banner, raised at Vlorë independence in 1912, star removed 7 April 1992, standardized by Law 8926 of 2002 at 5:7.

Flag of Angola

National flag of Angola (Bandeira Nacional), adopted 11 November 1975 at independence: red-over-black horizontal bicolor with a yellow half gear, machete, and five-pointed star; based on the MPLA party flag.

Flag of Argentina

Flag of Argentina: national triband of light blue, white, and light blue with the 32-rayed gold Sun of May, created by Manuel Belgrano at Rosario on 27 February 1812, adopted 20 July 1816, sun added 1818.

Flag of Armenia

Flag of Armenia: horizontal red-blue-orange tricolor with 1:2 ratio, defined by the 2006 flag law and constitutional Article 13; first raised 1 August 1918, readopted 1990.

Flag of Australia

Flag of Australia: blue ensign with Union Jack canton, seven-pointed Commonwealth Star, and Southern Cross; designed via the 1901 competition of 32,823 entries, legally defined by the Flags Act 1953, changeable only by popular agreement since 1998.

Flag of Austria

Flag of Austria (Österreichische Flagge): horizontal red-white-red triband, defined in the 1984 Wappengesetz and Article 8a B-VG, with Babenberg origins by 1230, first legally described in 1919, banned 1938–1945 and restored in May 1945.

Flag of Azerbaijan

Flag of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan bayrağı): blue-red-green horizontal tricolor with white crescent and eight-pointed star, ratio 1:2. Adopted 9 November 1918 by the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, restored 5 February 1991; Pantone 306C, Red 032C, 362C.

Flag of Ba'athist Syria

Flag of Ba'athist Syria: the national flags of Syria under Ba'ath rule, 1963–2024. Three green stars (1963–72), Federation of Arab Republics flag (1972–80), and the two-star UAR design readopted 1980, replaced by the Independence flag after Assad's fall.

Flag of Bangladesh

Flag of Bangladesh: national flag, a red disc offset toward the hoist on a green 10:6 field, defined by Constitution Article 4(2) and the 1972 Flag Rules; adopted 17 January 1972 after the map-bearing 1971 war flag was simplified.

Flag of Belarus

The flag of Belarus, a red-over-green horizontal bicolor with a white ornamental hoist strip, was adopted in the 14 May 1995 referendum and resembles the 1951-91 Byelorussian SSR flag. The rival white-red-white tricolour, official 1991-95, is the opposition and protest symbol.

Flag of Belgium

Flag of Belgium (Vlag van België, Drapeau belge): vertical black-yellow-red tricolor adopted 23 January 1831, colors from the Duchy of Brabant's arms; distinguished from Germany's horizontal black-red-gold flag by orientation, order, and 13:15 ratio.

Flag of Bhutan

Flag of Bhutan, the Thunder Dragon flag: a diagonal yellow-over-orange bicolour with a white Druk dragon clutching jewels, first used in 1949, changed to orange lower field and adopted in 1969, now constitutionally prescribed.

Flag of Blackbeard

The flag of Blackbeard is the black flag flown by pirate Edward Teach from Queen Anne's Revenge in 1717 and 1718, likely bearing only a death's head.

Flag of Bolivia

Flag of Bolivia (Bandera de Bolivia): horizontal red-yellow-green tricolour, official since 1851 under Belzu, regulated by DS 241 of 2009 at 15:22 proportions, with state and military variants, plus the co-official Qullasuyu wiphala.

Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina: blue field, yellow right triangle, nine white stars (two clipped) along the hypotenuse, 1:2 ratio. Imposed 4 February 1998 by High Representative Carlos Westendorp after parliament failed to agree, replacing the 1992 fleur-de-lis flag.

Flag of Brazil

Flag of Brazil (Bandeira do Brasil): green field, yellow rhombus, blue celestial globe with 27 stars and motto Ordem e Progresso; adopted 19 November 1889, regulated by Law 5,700/1971.