All articles starting with F
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Flavocytochrome c
Flavocytochrome c, or flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase (FCSD, EC 1.8.2.-), is a bacterial FAD- and heme c-containing periplasmic enzyme that oxidizes sulfide to polysulfide and passes electrons to cytochrome c, distinct from SQR; found in phototrophic sulfur bacteria and Gram-negative heterotrophs like Cupriavidus necator H16.
Flavodoxin
Flavodoxin (Fld), a small FMN-containing electron-transfer flavoprotein of bacteria and algae, replaces iron–sulfur ferredoxin under iron starvation; first isolated from Clostridium pasteurianum in 1966, absent from land plants.
Flavone
Flavone, also known as 2-phenylchromone, is the simplest member of the flavone class, a plant polyketide natural product with formula C15H10O2, occurring in Primula exudates and tea.
Flavonoid
Flavonoids are plant polyphenols with a C6–C3–C6 chalcone-derived skeleton, spanning flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins; dietary intake, low bioavailability, and cardiovascular evidence are covered.
Flavonoid modification enzymes
Flavonoid modification enzymes are plant enzymes that decorate flavonoid skeletons with sugars, methyl groups, and acyl groups through glycosylation, methylation, and acylation, changing stability, color, and biological activity.
Flavonol
Flavonol is a flavonoid compound: in chemistry, the specific molecule 3-hydroxyflavone, and in nutrition, a subclass including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin, abundant in onions, kale, and tea.
Flavoprotein
Flavoproteins are enzymes carrying tightly bound FMN or FAD (riboflavin-derived flavins) that mediate one- and two-electron redox chemistry; 90 human flavoprotein genes span TCA cycle, beta-oxidation, and respiratory chain.
Flavor
Flavor is the multisensory experience of eating, combining taste, retronasal smell, and trigeminal somatosensation, shaped by visual and sound cues; most people mistake it for taste alone and never notice the olfactory component.
Flavor Flav
Flavor Flav (William Jonathan Drayton Jr., born 1959), American rapper, co-founder and hype man of Public Enemy, known for his clock necklace, VH1's Flavor of Love, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction, and Olympic team sponsorships.
Flavor of Love
Flavor of Love: VH1 reality dating series (2006–2008, 3 seasons) starring rapper Flavor Flav, spun off from The Surreal Life/Strange Love romance with Brigitte Nielsen; clock ceremonies, gold-teeth prize, record VH1 ratings, and the I Love New York/Charm School/Rock of Love spinoff franchise.
Flavor-changing neutral current
A flavor-changing neutral current is a rare particle interaction in which a quark changes flavor through a neutral boson, forbidden at tree level in the Standard Model.
Flavored fortified wine
Flavored fortified wine: wine strengthened with added spirits and flavored with fruit, sugar, or botanicals. Covers aromatized wines like vermouth (14.5–22% ABV, EU-regulated) and cheap American brands like MD 20/20 (Mogen David, originally 20% ABV, 20 oz).
Flavoring
Flavoring: ingredients added to food to impart or modify taste and aroma, from spices to volatile molecules; defined in US law at 21 CFR 101.22, FEMA-evaluated for GRAS, with diacetyl a known occupational hazard.
Flavors of Youth
Flavors of Youth (詩季織々 / 肆式青春) is a 2018 74-minute anime anthology by CoMix Wave Films and Haoliners, three shorts on food, clothing, and housing in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, directed by Li Haoling, Yi Xiaoxing, and Yoshitaka Takeuchi.
Flavour (particle physics)
In particle physics, flavor is the label that distinguishes similar elementary particles, grouping six quarks and six leptons into three generations of the Standard Model.
FLAVOUR II trial
FLAVOUR II: 2020-2023 Chinese multicenter randomized non-inferiority trial (1,839 randomized, Lancet 2025) showing AI angiography-derived FFR-guided PCI non-inferior to IVUS guidance at 12 months with fewer stents.
Flavour quantum numbers
Flavour quantum numbers are integer labels that distinguish quarks and leptons of the same charge and color, conserved by strong interactions but violated by weak ones.
Flavour-changing neutral current
A flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) is a rare particle interaction in which a quark changes flavor without changing its electric charge, such as beauty to strange.
Flavoxate
Flavoxate (Urispas, W-61) is a synthetic flavone urinary tract spasmolytic and competitive muscarinic antagonist, FDA-approved in 1970, used for symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, and bladder spasms.
Flavr Savr
Flavr Savr (FLAVR SAVR) was Calgene's genetically modified tomato, the first GM whole food sold, FDA-approved May 18, 1994. Antisense PG gene slowed softening; high costs and poor yields ended sales by 1997.
Flawed Mangoes
Flawed Mangoes is the indie electronic and ambient guitar project of American musician Evan Keith Lo, associated with the TikTok 'hopecore' trend; known for Killswitch Lullaby, Swimming, Dramamine, and albums Killswitch Melodies through Afterlife.
Flawless (2007 film)
Flawless (2007) is a British-Luxembourgish heist drama directed by Michael Radford, starring Michael Caine and Demi Moore as a janitor and executive robbing the London Diamond Corporation in 1960 London; grossed $6.8M on a $20M budget.
Flax
Flax (Linum usitatissimum, from wild L. bienne) is a founder crop grown for linen fibre and linseed. Fibre types are tall and unbranched, oil types short and branched; seeds hold 40-45% oil, over 50% linolenic acid, and flax is the richest known lignan source.
Flaxseed
Flaxseed (linseed, Linum usitatissimum) is the ALA- and lignan-rich seed of the flax plant; GRAS-recognized in the US, with meta-analyses supporting cholesterol and CRP/IL-6 lowering.
Flaying
Flaying, or being flayed alive, is the deliberate removal of skin from a human or animal body, historically used as an execution method and punishment, attested in Assyrian reliefs.
Flazasulfuron
Flazasulfuron (Shibagen) is a sulfonylurea, WSSA Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicide developed by Ishihara Sangyo, registered in Japan in 1989, used on turf, vines, and orchards; EU-approved 2017 to 2032, CAS 104040-78-0.
FLCL (フリクリ)
FLCL (フリクリ, Fooly Cooly) is a 2000–2001 six-episode OVA by Gainax and Production I.G, directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki, about Naota, Haruko, and Atomsk; distinct from its 2018 and 2023 sequel seasons.
FLCN
FLCN (folliculin) is a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17p11.2; germline variants cause Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome with fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts, pneumothorax, and renal tumors requiring lifelong MRI surveillance.
Flea
Flea (order Siphonaptera): small wingless blood-feeding insect parasite of mammals and birds. Over 2,500 species; four-stage lifecycle; vectors plague, murine typhus, and cat scratch disease.
Flea (musician)
Flea (Michael Peter Balzary), Australian-born American bassist born 1962 in Melbourne, co-founder of the Red Hot Chili Peppers; known for slap funk bass, Rock Hall 2012 induction, and 2026 jazz solo album Honora.