All articles starting with F

FOB (shipping)

FOB, or Free on Board, is an Incoterms rule under which risk of goods passes to the buyer once they are on board the vessel at the named port of shipment.

Fob James (Forrest Hood James Jr., born 1934) is an Alabama politician and former Auburn football player who served as governor 1979-1983 as a Democrat and 1995-1999 as a Republican, the only person elected Alabama governor from both parties.

Oct 15, 2026

Fobos-Grunt

Fobos-Grunt (Фобос-Грунт, "Phobos Soil"), also spelled Phobos-Grunt, was a Russian sample return mission to Phobos, launched in November 2011 and lost when its main engine never fired; it reentered Earth's atmosphere in January 2012.

Focaccia

Focaccia, or fugassa in Genoa, is an Italian yeast-leavened olive-oil-rich pan flatbread with a dimpled crumb; Liguria is its heartland, focaccia di Recco holds IGP status, and its roots trace to Neolithic husking trays.

Oct 15, 2026

FOCAL (programming language)

FOCAL, or Formulating On-Line Calculations in Algebraic Language, is an interactive programming language created by Richard Merrill at DEC in 1968 for the PDP-8 and adapted from RAND's JOSS.

Sep 29, 2026

Focal ablation

Focal ablation is an image-guided treatment that destroys a localized lesion, usually a tumor, by delivering heat, cold, radiation, ultrasound, or chemicals while leaving surrounding tissue intact.

Focal acral hyperkeratosis

Focal acral hyperkeratosis (FAH), also called punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 3 without elastoidosis, is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis of keratotic papules on palmoplantar margins, distinguished from acrokeratoelastoidosis by absent elastorrhexis on biopsy.

Focal aware seizure

Focal aware seizure (ICD-11 8A68.3), formerly simple partial seizure: a focal onset epileptic seizure with retained awareness of self and environment; 2025 ILAE revision renames it focal seizure with consciousness preserved.

Focal brain contusion

Focal brain contusion (ICD-11 NA07.4C) is a localized bruise of cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter after head trauma; it progresses in 40–50% of cases within 24 hours and is monitored by CT and MRI.

Focal brain injury

Focal brain injury (ICD-11 NA07.4) is traumatic brain damage confined to one region, usually from a direct blow or penetration: contusions, lacerations, and extradural, subdural, or intracerebral hematomas, versus diffuse injury such as diffuse axonal injury.

Focal dermal hypoplasia

Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome, Goltz-Gorlin syndrome) is a rare X-linked dominant PORCN-related multisystem disorder affecting skin, limbs, eyes, and face, seen almost exclusively in females, with about 300 reported cases.

Focal facial dermal dysplasia

Focal facial dermal dysplasia (FFDD), also called Brauer or Setleis syndrome types, is a rare genetic ectodermal dysplasia with congenital bitemporal or preauricular scar-like facial lesions, four subtypes, TWIST2 and CYP26C1 genes known.

Focal length

Focal length is the distance over which a lens or mirror converges parallel light rays; a shorter focal length bends light more strongly, and its reciprocal gives optical power.

Focal myoclonus

Focal myoclonus (ICD-11 8A06.2) is sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or muscle group in a localized body area, of cortical, subcortical, spinal, or peripheral origin, diagnosed by EEG-EMG neurophysiology.

Focal myositis

Focal myositis (focal nodular myositis, inflammatory pseudotumor of skeletal muscle) is a rare, benign, localized inflammation of a single skeletal muscle, usually in the lower limb, presenting as a mass that typically regresses spontaneously; biopsy confirms diagnosis.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), also called segmental glomerulosclerosis or focal sclerosis with hyalinosis, is a podocyte-injury kidney disease causing scarring in parts of some glomeruli; it causes about 20% of childhood and 40% of adult nephrotic syndrome and is classified as primary, genetic, or secondary.

Focal seizure

Focal seizure (focal onset seizure): an epileptic seizure starting in networks limited to one brain hemisphere. Under the ILAE 2025 classification, types are focal preserved consciousness, focal impaired consciousness, and focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic; consciousness replaces awareness as classifier; affects over 60% of people with epilepsy.

Sep 19, 2026

Focallure

Focallure (菲鹿儿) is a Chinese cross-border beauty brand founded in Guangzhou in 2016 by Fang Xing, reported in 2021 as Southeast Asia's top-selling cross-border online beauty brand.

FocalTech

FocalTech Systems Co. is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company designing touch controller and display driver ICs, listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under code 3545 and operating as of 2026.

Focas (Martian crater)

Focas is an impact crater on Mars, located in northern Arabia Terra at about 33.6° north latitude with a diameter of 76.50 km, named after Jean H. Focas in 1973.

Focetria

Focetria, also called influenza vaccine H1N1v, was a Novartis (later Seqirus) MF59-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 2009 vaccine from Siena, Italy; EU-authorized 2010, expired 2015, no narcolepsy signal.

Fock space

Fock space is the Hilbert space used in quantum mechanics to describe identical particles whose number is not fixed, combining all possible particle-number sectors into one space.

Oct 15, 2026

Fock state

A Fock state, also called a number state, is a quantum state with an exactly fixed particle number, named for physicist Vladimir Fock, who introduced Fock space in 1932.

Focke-Achgelis

Focke-Achgelis was a German aircraft manufacturer founded in 1937 by Henrich Focke and Gerd Achgelis, the world's first helicopter manufacturer, known for the Fa 223 Drache, the first helicopter to reach production.

Focke-Achgelis Fa 330

The Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze was a German motorless rotor kite towed aloft behind surfaced U-boats to extend their view, with about 200 built from 1942.

Focke-Wulf Fw 190

The Focke-Wulf Fw 190, nicknamed Würger (Butcher Bird), was a German single-seat fighter of World War II, designed by Kurt Tank, with about 19,500 built.

Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor

The Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor was a German four-engine aircraft, built as a 1930s airliner and converted to a maritime reconnaissance bomber in World War II.

Focke-Wulf Fw 61

The Focke-Wulf Fw 61, later the Focke-Achgelis Fa 61, was a German experimental helicopter first flown in 1936, generally regarded as the first practical, fully controllable helicopter.

Focke-Wulf Ta 152

The Focke-Wulf Ta 152 was a German high-altitude fighter of World War II, developed by Kurt Tank as the final evolution of the Fw 190.