All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Foo Fighters discography
The Foo Fighters discography consists of twelve studio albums released between 1995 and 2026, begun by Dave Grohl as a solo project in Seattle after Kurt Cobain's death.
Foo Y. Liew
Foo Y. Liew, known as Eddy Liew, is an immunologist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Glasgow who showed that nitric oxide kills engulfed pathogens.
Foobar
Foobar is a placeholder name in programming, formed from foo and bar, the two most common metasyntactic variables, used in example code and documentation since the early 1970s.
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support and energy. Covers nutrition and WHO dietary guidance, food history, global hunger (645 million undernourished in 2025), food security monitoring, and the environmental impact of diets.
Food additive
Food additive: substance intentionally added to food for a technological purpose (preservation, colour, texture, emulsification), regulated via FDA petitions, EU positive lists and JECFA ADIs; E-number labelling, exposure data, and post-2023 actions on titanium dioxide and Red No. 3.
Food aid
Food aid comprises grants and concessional loans of official development assistance, given as program aid, project aid, or emergency relief, with the United States the largest donor.
Food allergy
Food allergy: immune-based adverse reaction to food, IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated, affecting ~33 million Americans. Diagnosed by oral food challenge; prevented by early allergen introduction; treated with epinephrine, OIT, omalizumab.
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a UN specialized agency founded in October 1945, the oldest, with 194 members working to improve nutrition and agricultural productivity.
Food and drink prohibitions
Food and drink prohibitions, or food taboos, are religious or cultural bans on specified foods, such as pork in Judaism and Islam, beef in Hinduism, and alcohol in Islam, with documented nutritional effects.
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the United States federal agency charged with safeguarding public health, overseeing medications, medical devices, biologics, food, cosmetics, and tobacco products.
Food and Nutrition Service
Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), now the Food and Nutrition Administration (FNA), is the USDA agency, established August 8, 1969, administering 15 federal nutrition assistance programs including SNAP, WIC, and school meals.
Food Assistance
Food assistance: aid providing food, vouchers, or cash to people lacking sufficient nutritious food. Covers U.S. international programs (Food for Peace/P.L. 480, McGovern-Dole, EFSP, WFP partnerships) and domestic SNAP, reaching 40 million Americans monthly.
Food bank
Food bank: nonprofit warehouse organization collecting surplus and donated food for redistribution to food pantries and charities; also called banque alimentaire. Originated 1967 in Phoenix, Arizona (St. Mary's Food Bank, John van Hengel); distinct from a food pantry, which hands food directly to households.
Food booth
Food booth: a temporary stand, stall, or cart selling food at fairs, festivals, and markets, distinct from food trucks. Covers sanitation permits (Philippines 3-month limit, 7°C/60°C rules), vendor application process, safety record, and hawker history.
Food chain
Food chain: a linear sequence of who eats whom, tracing energy flow from producers through consumers to top predators. Also trophic chain. Key facts: roughly 10% energy transfer per level, chains of 3-6 trophic levels, biomagnification of contaminants.
Food coloring
Food coloring: dyes, pigments, or substances (color additives) added to food to impart or restore color. Distinguishing facts: FDA premarket approval, seven certified FD&C dyes, certification-exempt natural colors, Red 3 ban, EU E numbers.
Food Corporation of India (भारतीय खाद्य निगम)
Food Corporation of India (भारतीय खाद्य निगम, FCI), a Schedule-A Government of India PSU under the Food Corporations Act 1964, operational since 14 January 1965, procures, stores, moves, and distributes foodgrains at MSP for the PDS, NFSA, and buffer stocks.
Food court
Food court: a shared dining area in malls, airports, and public buildings with several small vendors around common seating. First successful mall food court opened March 1974 at Paramus Park Mall, New Jersey, developed by James Rouse's Rouse Company; distinct from the independent-vendor food hall.
Food delivery
Food delivery, also called meal delivery service, brings prepared meals from restaurants to customers, ordered by phone, website, or mobile app and carried by couriers or gig workers.
Food desert
Food desert: a low-income area, per USDA a census tract with 500 people or 33% of residents more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from a supermarket; also called low-income, low-access tracts; coined 1995, contested term versus food apartheid.
Food Dictatorship decrees
The Food Dictatorship decrees (Декреты о продовольственной диктатуре) were Soviet decrees of May 1918 that confirmed the state grain monopoly and let armed detachments seize hidden grain surpluses.
Food effect study
A food effect study is a clinical pharmacology study measuring how food changes an oral drug's absorption and exposure, comparing fed and fasted dosing to support labeling.
Food energy
Food energy is metabolizable energy from food, measured in kcal or kJ and usually calculated with Atwater factors (4/9/4 kcal per g protein/carbohydrate/fat), which overestimate energy from intact plant foods like almonds.
Food engineering
Food engineering: application of engineering principles, especially chemical engineering unit operations, to food processing, preservation, packaging, and safety; founded on Appert canning, Pasteur pasteurization, refrigeration; now includes HPP, nonthermal technologies, and AI-driven process optimization.
Food extrusion
Food extrusion, or extrusion cooking, is a continuous HTST thermomechanical process using screws and dies to cook, shape, and texturize snacks, cereals, pasta, pet food, and plant-based meat analogues.
Food for the Soul (日々は過ぎれど飯うまし)
Food for the Soul (日々は過ぎれど飯うまし, Hibimeshi) is a 2025 original 12-episode slice-of-life TV anime by P.A.WORKS with a story concept by Non Non Biyori creator あっと, following five university students in a food club; adapted as a manga by Quro.
Food fortification
Food fortification, also known as food enrichment or nutrification, is the deliberate addition of vitamins and minerals to foods, notably iodized salt since 1924, to improve public health.
Food frequency questionnaire
A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a dietary survey asking how often, and in what portions, people ate listed foods over about a year, typically taking 10–20 minutes.
Food group
Food group: a category of foods with similar nutritional roles used in dietary guidance. U.S. history runs from the 1916 five-group guide through Basic Seven, Basic Four, the Food Guide Pyramid, MyPyramid, MyPlate, and the 2025-2030 inverted pyramid.
Food history
Food history: the scholarly study of food production, preparation, and consumption across time. Roots in Athenaeus and Meng Shen; modernized by the Annales School, Mintz, Flandrin, and Montanari; now a global, interdisciplinary field.