All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Force method (structural analysis)
The force method, also called the flexibility method, is a classical structural analysis technique that finds forces in statically indeterminate structures by treating redundant forces as unknowns.
Force Motors
Force Motors, formerly Bajaj Tempo, is an Indian automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 and based near Pune, best known for the Traveller van and Gurkha off-roader and for making engines for BMW and Mercedes-Benz in India.
Force of Evil
Force of Evil (1948) is Abraham Polonsky's film noir directorial debut, starring John Garfield as lawyer Joe Morse in an adaptation of Ira Wolfert's Tucker's People about the New York numbers racket; a box office failure later named to the National Film Registry in 1994.
Force of Nature (2020 film)
Force of Nature is a 2020 American action thriller directed by Michael Polish, in which police fight thieves staging a $55 million art heist during a hurricane.
Force play
A force play in baseball occurs when a runner must advance because the batter became a runner, and is out if the defense touches the next base first.
Force Publique
Force Publique: colonial army and police of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo, 1885-1960, also called the Congo Public Force. African soldiers under European officers; Congo-Arab War, two world wars, 1960 mutiny, became the ANC.
Force reflection
Force reflection is the practice of feeding a remote robot's contact forces back to the human operator's hand controller, so the operator physically feels resistance at a distance.
Force spectroscopy
Force spectroscopy is a family of single-molecule methods that apply controlled mechanical force to individual molecules, using optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy.
Force spinning
Force spinning, also called centrifugal or rotary jet spinning, is a fiber fabrication method in which a rotating spinneret expels polymer into micro- and nanofibers far faster than electrospinning.
FORCE Technology
FORCE Technology is a Danish non-profit technology consultancy and service institute, one of the seven government-approved GTS institutes, founded in 1941 as the welding center Dansk Svejsecentral.
Force volume imaging
Force volume imaging is an atomic force microscopy mode that records a complete force-distance curve at every pixel, producing maps of Young's modulus, stiffness, and adhesion.
Force Works
Force Works, Marvel Comics superhero team debuting in Force Works #1 (July 1994) by Abnett and Lanning; a proactive Avengers West Coast offshoot led by Iron Man and Scarlet Witch, running 22 issues to 1996.
Force-angle stability measure
The force-angle stability measure is a tipover stability margin for mobile robots and manipulators, weighting the angle between net force and each tipover axis normal, introduced in 1996.
Force-directed graph drawing
Force-directed graph drawing, also known as spring or force-based layout, positions graph vertices by treating edges as springs and letting the system settle into a low-energy state.
Force-feeding
Force-feeding is non-consensual feeding of hunger-striking prisoners, usually by nasogastric tube. Used since the 1909 suffragette strikes; condemned by the WMA Malta Declaration but upheld by US courts and conditionally allowed in Europe.
Force-field analysis
Force-field analysis is a planning method, developed by Kurt Lewin, that maps driving and restraining forces around a proposed change to help groups decide whether to proceed.
Force-free magnetic field
A force-free magnetic field is a magnetic field in which the Lorentz force vanishes, so current runs parallel to the field; it describes the solar corona and relaxed laboratory plasmas.
Force-torque sensor
A force-torque sensor is a transducer that measures the forces and torques transmitted through a robot interface, most commonly as a six-axis device used for assembly and balance.
ForceBalance
ForceBalance is a free, open-source software package for systematic optimization of force fields, developed by Lee-Ping Wang's group at UC Davis and used to fit the TIP4P-FB water model and Open Force Field's Parsley and Sage.
Forced assimilation
Forced assimilation is coerced absorption of minorities into a dominant culture, chiefly via boarding and residential schools. Key cases: US Indian boarding schools (1819-1969, 417 schools), Canadian residential schools, and China's Tibetan schooling policies.
Forced convection
Forced convection is heat transfer between a surface and a fluid moved by an external agent such as a fan, pump, or wind, giving higher heat transfer rates than natural convection.
Forced conversion
Forced conversion, also known as forced religious conversion or forced baptism, is the adoption of a religion under duress, force, coercion, or threat, distinct from persuasion.
Forced cotton cultivation in Mozambique
Forced cotton cultivation in Mozambique was a colonial labor system decreed by Portugal in 1926 and abolished in 1961, under which rural African households had to grow cotton for Portuguese textile companies.
Forced degradation
Forced degradation, also known as stress testing, is a pharmaceutical analysis method that exposes drugs to heat, hydrolysis, oxidation, and light to characterize degradation products and validate stability-indicating methods.
Forced displacement in Colombia
Forced displacement in Colombia, known in Spanish as desplazamiento forzado, is the forced internal migration driven by armed conflict, with over 9 million registered victims since 1985.
Forced Entertainment
Forced Entertainment is a Sheffield-based experimental theater and performance ensemble founded in 1984 by University of Exeter graduates, led since then by artistic director Tim Etchells.
Forced Expiratory Flow Rates
Forced expiratory flow rates (FEF25-75%, FEF75%, PEF, MMEF) are spirometric flow measurements from the forced expiratory maneuver; once promoted for small airways disease, they are now not recommended for routine clinical use.
Forced Expiratory Volume
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1, VEMS): volume of air forcibly exhaled in one second after full inspiration, measured by spirometry; core index for diagnosing and grading obstructive lung disease, defined by Tiffeneau and Pinelli in 1947.
Forced heirship
Forced heirship (réserve héréditaire, legítima, Pflichtteil) is the civil law rule reserving a fixed share of an estate to children and spouse, overriding the will; rooted in Roman law, shaped by the Napoleonic Code, and contrasted with common law family provision.
Forced labour camps in Communist Bulgaria
Forced labour camps in Communist Bulgaria, formally called labor-educational communes (Trudovo-vazpitatelno obshtezhitie, TVO), were detention facilities where people were held without trial from 1944 until the late 1980s.