All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
François-Marie Raoult
François-Marie Raoult (1830–1901) was a French chemist at the University of Grenoble who established laws governing how dissolved substances lower a solvent's freezing point and vapor pressure, collectively known as Raoult's law.
François-Philippe Champagne
François-Philippe Champagne, Canadian Liberal MP for Saint-Maurice—Champlain since 2015 and Minister of Finance and National Revenue since May 2025; former trade, infrastructure, foreign affairs, and innovation minister; presented Carney's first budget in November 2025.
François-René de Chateaubriand
François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848), French writer, diplomat, and politician; author of Atala, Le Génie du christianisme, René, and the posthumous Mémoires d'outre-tombe; founder of French Romanticism, foreign minister in 1822, elected to the Académie française in 1811.
François-Xavier Bellamy
François-Xavier Bellamy is a French politician of The Republicans, a Member of the European Parliament since 2019 and Vice-Chair of its European People's Party group.
François‐Clément Bidard
François-Clément Bidard is a French medical oncologist and Professor of Medicine at Institut Curie, known for leading clinical trials using circulating tumor DNA to detect breast cancer treatment resistance before imaging shows progression.
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, born in 1947, is a French virologist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris who co-discovered HIV in 1983, winning the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Françoise Bettencourt Meyers
Françoise Bettencourt Meyers is a French heiress, writer, and board director, granddaughter of L'Oréal founder Eugène Schueller, who with her family holds a 34.79% stake in L'Oréal.
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon (1635-1719), secret morganatic wife of Louis XIV and founder of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis at Saint-Cyr for poor noble girls in 1686; her influence at court was long debated.
Françoise Demulder
Françoise Demulder (1947–2008) was a French war photographer who in 1977 became the first woman to win the World Press Photo of the Year award.
Françoise Dorléac
Françoise Dorléac, French actress (1942-1967), elder sister of Catherine Deneuve, known for L'Homme de Rio, La Peau douce, Cul-de-sac, and Les Demoiselles de Rochefort; died aged 25 in a car crash near Nice.
Françoise Gasse
Françoise Gasse (died 2014) was a French paleolimnologist at CNRS who reconstructed the climate history of the Sahara and East Africa from diatoms in lake sediments, showing the Sahara was once a land of lakes.
Françoise Gatel
Françoise Gatel is a French politician serving as Minister of Territorial Planning and Decentralisation, handling bills on local-government norms and strengthening the local state, and meeting subnational officials.
Françoise Gilot
Françoise Gilot (1921–2023), French-American School of Paris painter, printmaker, and writer; Picasso's partner 1943–1953, mother of Claude and Paloma, author of Life with Picasso (1964).
Françoise Hardy
Françoise Hardy (1944-2024), French singer-songwriter and yé-yé icon; hit 'Tous les garçons et les filles' (1962), albums La Question and Personne d'autre, wife of Jacques Dutronc.
Francoise Mbango
Francoise Mbango Etone (Françoise Mbango Etone), born 1976 in Yaoundé, Cameroonian triple jumper; back-to-back Olympic champion 2004 and 2008; 15.39 m African record; later French citizen and ISEP-FM founder.
Françoise Pascal
Françoise Pascal names two documented figures: a 17th-century Lyon playwright, author of Agathonphile martyr (1655) and Sésostris (1661), and a Mauritius-born actress (born 1949) known for Mind Your Language and The Iron Rose.
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain (España franquista): the personal dictatorship of General Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975, built on Fundamental Laws, autarky, and repression, ending with the 1976–1978 transition to democracy.
Francolinus
Francolinus (Stephens, 1819) is a genus of Asian gamebirds in Phasianidae, now limited to the Black, Painted, and Chinese francolins after the former 40-specion genus was split into Pternistis, Ortygornis, Scleroptila, and allies.
Franconia
Franconia (Franken) is a cultural region in southern Germany, mainly northern Bavaria with parts of Baden-Württemberg, Thuringia, and Hesse. Named for the Franks, a medieval stem-duchy, assigned to Bavaria in 1806; three Bavarian districts, East Franconian dialects, distinct Franconian identity.
Franconia Notch State Park
Franconia Notch State Park is a New Hampshire state park in the White Mountains along I-93, between the Kinsman and Franconia ranges, home of the Old Man of the Mountain (collapsed 2003), Flume Gorge, Echo Lake, Cannon Mountain, and Lafayette Place Campground.
Francophile
Francophile: admirer of France, its people, culture, and language; synonym gallophile; English word from 1875 (Franco- + -phile); opposite francophobe, distinct from francophone.
Francophone African detective fiction
Francophone African detective fiction, in French le polar africain francophone, is crime and detective fiction in French by sub-Saharan African writers, shaped from the 1980s and known for social critique.
Francophone literature of the Maghreb
Francophone literature of the Maghreb is literary writing in French by authors from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, born under French colonial rule and first published in significant numbers after 1945.
Francophone theatre in Canada
Francophone theater in Canada is the tradition of French-language stage work in Quebec, Acadian New Brunswick, and francophone Ontario, dating in its modern professional form from 1948.
Francophonie
Francophonie: the community of French-speaking peoples and countries and the intergovernmental OIF founded as the ACCT at Niamey on 20 March 1970; 90 members, Paris headquarters, Summits since 1986, Secretary General Louise Mushikiwabo.
Francys Arsentiev
Francys Arsentiev (1958-1998), American mountaineer, first American woman to summit Everest without supplemental oxygen, 22 May 1998, with husband Sergei; both died on descent; known as Everest's Sleeping Beauty.
Francysk Skaryna
Francysk Skaryna (Belarusian: Францыск Скарына), also Francis Skorina, was a Belarusian pioneer printer who produced the first printed Bible in Church Slavonic, beginning in Prague in 1517.
Frang Bardhi
Frang Bardhi (1606–1643), also known as Francesco Bianchi, was an Albanian Catholic prelate, writer, and lexicographer, Bishop of Sapa, who compiled the first Albanian dictionary and defended Skanderbeg's Albanian origin in Latin.
Frangelico
Frangelico is an Italian hazelnut liqueur from Piedmont, launched in 1978 by the Barbero family and owned by Campari Group since 2010. Bottled at 20% ABV (formerly 24%), it blends toasted Tonda Gentile hazelnut distillate with cocoa, vanilla, and coffee, sold in a friar-shaped bottle.
Frangipane
Frangipane: almond-flavored pastry filling of butter, sugar, eggs, and ground almonds, classically two parts almond cream to one part pastry cream; filling of galette des Rois and Bakewell tart, named after the Frangipani family.