All articles starting with F
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Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation
The Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (Fraunhofer IPA) is an applied research institute in Stuttgart, Germany, founded in 1959 and the largest production-engineering institute of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
Fraunhofer IPMS
Fraunhofer IPMS, formally the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, is a Dresden-based German research institute developing MEMS, microdisplays, and nanoelectronics on 200 and 300 mm wafers for industry.
Fraunhofer lines
The Fraunhofer lines, also called the Fraunhofer spectrum, are dark absorption lines crossing the Sun's spectrum, first measured and lettered by Joseph von Fraunhofer around 1814 and explained by Bunsen and Kirchhoff around 1860.
Fraunhofer Society
The Fraunhofer Society is Germany's largest applied research organization, a nonprofit founded in Munich in 1949 that runs 76 institutes and developed the mp3 audio format.
Frauscher Sensor Technology
Frauscher Sensor Technology is an Austrian railway technology company, founded in 1987 and part of Wabtec since December 2025, making wheel sensors and axle counters.
Fravitas
Fravitas (Φραβίτας), also transmitted as Flavitas or Flavianus II, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for about four months around 489-490, between Acacius and Euphemius, during the Acacian schism.
FRAX
FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) is a computer algorithm estimating 10-year fracture probability from clinical risk factors, launched in 2008 at the University of Sheffield.
Fraxinus
Fraxinus (ash), genus of about 43 Oleaceae tree species of the Northern Hemisphere with pinnate leaves and winged samara fruits; threatened by ash dieback and emerald ash borer, valued for elastic timber.
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, white ash or American white ash, is an eastern North American hardwood tree prized for shock-resistant timber used in baseball bats and tool handles; now critically endangered from emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, common or European ash, a large European deciduous timber tree in Oleaceae, native Europe to Iran, IUCN Near Threatened due to ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and threatened by emerald ash borer.
Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus (manna ash, flowering ash) is a Mediterranean deciduous ash tree grown in Sicily and Calabria for manna, a mannitol-rich sweet bark exudate used as a mild laxative; IUCN Least Concern.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, green ash (also red ash), a dioecious North American ash tree of floodplains and urban plantings, 50-70 ft tall, now Critically Endangered from emerald ash borer.
Fraxiom
Fraxiom is the WWE tag team of Axiom and Nathan Frazer, formed in NXT in 2024, two-time NXT Tag Team Champions, SmackDown call-up April 25, 2025, known for fast-paced high-flying matches.
Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape
The Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscape in Uruguay preserving the buildings and port of a meat-processing complex that operated from 1859 until 1979.
Fray Juan Bautista
Fray Juan Bautista, born in New Spain in 1555 and dead by about 1613, was a Franciscan friar who compiled at least 18 doctrinal works in Nahuatl and Spanish.
Fray Mocho (magazine)
Fray Mocho was an illustrated satirical weekly magazine published in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 1912 to 1929. It was founded as a spin-off of Caras y Caretas.
Fray Tormenta
Fray Tormenta (Friar Storm), born Sergio Gutiérrez Benítez in 1945, is a Mexican Catholic priest who wrestled masked in lucha libre to fund his orphanage, inspiring Nacho Libre and The Man in the Golden Mask.
Frazer Hines
Frazer Hines (Frazer Simpson Frederick Hines), British actor born 1944 in Horsforth, Yorkshire; played Jamie McCrimmon, the most prolific Doctor Who companion (1966–1969), and Joe Sugden in Emmerdale Farm (1972–1994).
Frazier Healthcare Growth Buyout
Frazier Healthcare Growth Buyout is the growth buyout franchise of Frazier Healthcare Partners, a Seattle healthcare private equity firm founded in 1991, whose Fund XI closed at $2.3 billion in 2024.
Frazier Healthcare Partners
Frazier Healthcare Partners is a Seattle-based private equity firm founded in 1991 by Alan Frazier that invests exclusively in healthcare, raising over $9 billion and backing more than 200 companies.
Frazier Life Sciences
Frazier Life Sciences is a life-sciences venture capital firm founded in 1991 by Alan Frazier and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, managing over $6.9 billion as of 2026.
Frazil ice
Frazil ice consists of fine ice crystals suspended in supercooled, turbulent water, forming first in rivers, lakes, and polar seas before becoming grease and pancake ice.
FRB 121102
FRB 121102 (also designated FRB 20121102A) is a repeating fast radio burst source in Auriga, first detected in 2012 and localized to a dwarf galaxy about 971 million parsecs away.
FRB 20180916B
FRB 20180916B (FRB 180916.J0158+65) is a repeating fast radio burst discovered by CHIME, the first FRB source with periodic activity, recurring in a 16.35-day cycle.
FRB 20181119D
FRB 20181119D is a single fast radio burst from FRB 121102, the first repeating source found, detected by CHIME/FRB on November 19, 2018 at the lowest frequency then seen.
FRB 20190520B
FRB 20190520B is a repeating fast radio burst detected by China's FAST telescope in 2019, co-located with a persistent radio source in a star-forming dwarf galaxy.
FRB 20200120E
FRB 20200120E is a repeating fast radio burst localized to a globular cluster of the spiral galaxy M81, the closest known extragalactic FRB at about 3.6 megaparsecs.
Freak folk
Freak folk is a subgenre of psychedelic folk that emerged in the early 2000s, in which mainly acoustic instruments carry unusual, experimental, and lo-fi elements.
Freak Kitchen
Freak Kitchen is an experimental heavy metal band from Gothenburg, Sweden, formed in 1992 and fronted by guitarist and singer Mattias "IA" Eklundh, blending metal with carnatic influences.
Freak Out!
Freak Out! (June 27, 1966, Verve Records) is the debut double album by Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention, one of rock's first double albums and concept LPs, 15 tracks blending doo-wop, R&B, free jazz, and tape collage, honored in the Grammy Hall of Fame and reissued in a 105-track 60th anniversary edition in 2026.