All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Free City of Kraków
The Free City of Kraków (Wolne Miasto Kraków) was a quasi-independent city-state created at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and annexed by Austria in 1846.
Free climbing
Free climbing: roped climbing in which the rope and gear serve only to catch falls, with progress made on rock features alone; contrasted with aid climbing and often confused with free soloing.
Free Comic Book Day
Free Comic Book Day (FCBD), annual comic-industry giveaway on the first Saturday in May since 2002, founded by retailer Joe Field; 40+ million free comics given away; since 2026 split with Marvel's Comics Giveaway Day.
Free Conservative Party
Free Conservative Party (Freikonservative Partei, later Deutsche Reichspartei), German moderate conservative notables' party 1866–1918, split from the old conservatives to back Bismarck; 57 Reichstag seats in 1878, 12 by 1912; merged into the DNVP.
Free content
Free content, or free cultural works, is non-software work licensed so anyone can use, share, and remix it for any purpose; CC BY, CC BY-SA, and public domain tools like CC0 qualify, while NC and ND licenses do not.
Free convolution
Free convolution is a binary operation on probability measures giving the distribution of sums or products of freely independent non-commuting random variables, introduced by Dan-Virgil Voiculescu in 1986.
Free Cossacks
The Free Cossacks (Вільне козацтво) were voluntary territorial militia formations active in Ukraine and the Kuban during 1917 and 1918, reaching about 60,000 members by autumn 1917.
Free Democratic Party
Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP), German liberal party founded 1948 in Heppenheim; long-serving junior coalition partner (46 years in government), market-liberal program; led by Wolfgang Kubicki since May 2026 after losing Bundestag seats in 2025.
Free Download Manager
Free Download Manager (FDM) is a free download manager and accelerator for Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android that resumes interrupted downloads and includes a built-in BitTorrent client.
Free Economic Society
The Free Economic Society (Вольное экономическое общество) was Russia's oldest scientific society and first public organization, founded in 1765 under Catherine II to improve agriculture.
Free education
Free education is schooling provided without tuition fees, guaranteed by law for specified years or grades. Coverage spans compulsory schooling, fee-free secondary programs, and tuition-free public universities in about 31% of countries, with effects on enrollment, completion, and equity.
Free Egyptians Party
Free Egyptians Party (al-Misriyyin al-Ahrar), Egyptian secular liberal party founded April 2011 by Naguib Sawiris; pro-business, civil-state platform; won 65 seats in 2015, most of any party; Sawiris expelled 2017.
Free election
The free election (wolna elekcja) was the procedure by which the nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth chose its monarch in person, in use from 1573 to 1764.
Free electron model
The free electron model, also called the Drude-Sommerfeld model, treats a metal's conduction electrons as a gas of charged particles moving freely, ignoring their interaction with the lattice.
Free energy perturbation
Free energy perturbation (FEP), introduced by Robert Zwanzig in 1954, is a computational method that estimates free energy differences between molecular states, widely used in drug discovery to compute protein–ligand binding affinities.
Free energy principle
Free energy principle (FEP), Karl Friston's theory of self-organizing biological agents: they minimize variational free energy, a bound on sensory surprise, via perception and active inference; corollary of Bayesian brain ideas, criticized as unfalsifiable.
Free entry
Free entry is the condition in economics under which firms may enter a market without entry barriers; it is a property of market structure, not of the number of firms.
Free fall
Free fall is the motion of an object under gravity alone. In a vacuum all objects fall at the same rate, about 9.8 m/s² at Earth's surface.
Free Fallin'
Free Fallin' is a 1989 Tom Petty song written with Jeff Lynne for Full Moon Fever; it peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, built on a 12-string acoustic capo-3 riff, and is widely covered, most famously by John Mayer.
Free Federation of Workers
The Free Federation of Workers (Federación Libre de Trabajadores, FLT) was Puerto Rico's first labor federation, founded in 1899 by Santiago Iglesias Pantín and affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.
Free Fire (2016 film)
Free Fire (2016) is a British action comedy thriller directed by Ben Wheatley and co-written with Amy Jump, in which a 1978 Boston warehouse arms deal collapses into a feature-length shootout, starring Brie Larson, Cillian Murphy, Armie Hammer, and Sharlto Copley.
Free Fire (video game)
Free Fire, formally Garena Free Fire and formerly Free Fire Battlegrounds, is a free-to-play mobile battle royale by Garena launched December 4, 2017, with 50-player matches of about 10 minutes.
Free flap surgery
Free flap surgery, or free flap reconstruction, moves a block of tissue such as skin, muscle, or bone to another part of the body, reconnecting its blood supply microsurgically.
Free flight (model aircraft)
Free flight is model aviation in which an aircraft, once launched, flies with no control from its owner, governed by the FAI under the F1 classes.
Free France
Free France (la France Libre): movement founded by Charles de Gaulle in London, June 1940, rejecting the Vichy armistice; rallied colonial territories, built the CFLN (1943) and became the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944).
Free group
A free group is a group whose generators satisfy no relations beyond the group axioms, written F_n for n generators, with rank-1 F_1 the only abelian one.
Free Guy
Free Guy is a 2021 American sci-fi action comedy directed by Shawn Levy, starring Ryan Reynolds as a video game NPC who becomes a hero.
Free High School Science Texts
Free High School Science Texts, or FHSST, is a South African volunteer project begun at the University of Cape Town in 2002 to write free mathematics, physics, chemistry, and life sciences textbooks.
Free Homeland Forces (قوات الوطن الحر)
Free Homeland Forces (قوات الوطن الحر, Quwat al-Watan al-Hurr), anti-Hamas armed group in central Gaza founded 1 September 2025 in Dayr al-Balah, led by Shauqi Abu Nusayra, stating Israeli support.
Free imperial city
Free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt): a Holy Roman Empire town holding imperial immediacy, subject only to the emperor. 85 listed in 1521; only six survived 1803; institution ended in 1806.