All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Freeway Ricky Ross
Freeway Ricky Ross is the nickname of Ricky Donnell Ross, an American drug trafficker whose Los Angeles crack network claimed up to $2 million a day in the 1980s.
Freeways of Iran
Freeways of Iran, known in Persian as آزادراه, are the limited-access motorways of the national road network, which spanned 2,401 km in 2015 under the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development.
Freewheel
A freewheel, also called an overrunning clutch, is a one-way mechanism that transmits torque in one direction of rotation and spins freely in the other.
Freewinds
The Freewinds is a cruise ship owned by the Church of Scientology, home of its highest-level spiritual retreat and the only place New OT VIII is delivered.
FreeWire Technologies
FreeWire Technologies, founded in 2014 by Arcady Sosinov, was a Newark, California maker of battery-integrated DC fast chargers for electric-vehicle fleets and retail sites that ceased operations in 2024.
Freewrite
Freewrite is a line of single-purpose electronic typewriters made by the American company Astrohaus, founded in Detroit and first released in 2016 after a Kickstarter campaign.
Freeze brand
Freeze brand (cryo-branding): livestock identification method developed by R. Keith Farrell at Washington State University in 1966; chilled copper irons destroy melanocytes so white hair regrows, unlike hot-iron brands which scar.
Freeze concentration
Freeze concentration, also called cryoconcentration, is a technique that concentrates liquid foods by freezing water out as pure ice crystals, preserving the aromas of heat-sensitive products like fruit juices and coffee.
Freeze desalination
Freeze desalination is a desalination method in which saline water is cooled until pure ice crystals form, excluding salt, then washed and melted into freshwater.
Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, is a dehydration process that freezes a material and removes its ice by sublimation under vacuum, yielding a dry, porous solid used to preserve foods, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and biological samples.
Freeze Etching
Freeze etching (freeze-etching): electron microscopy replica technique; frozen specimens are fractured, surface ice is sublimed under vacuum, and platinum-carbon replicas reveal true cell surfaces and membranes, distinct from cryoprotectant-based freeze-fracturing.
Freeze Fracturing
Freeze fracturing (freeze-fracture EM): a TEM sample-preparation method that fractures a frozen biological specimen under vacuum and makes a platinum-carbon replica; key steps are rapid freezing, fracturing, replication, and cleaning, with optional freeze etching.
Freeze out
Freeze out, also called War, is a children's domino game of virtually no skill using a double six set; players flip tiles and the last to match a lead suit captures the trick.
Freeze substitution
Freeze substitution dehydrates and chemically fixes a frozen biological specimen at low temperature with a solvent such as acetone, producing a resin-embeddable sample for electron microscopy.
Freeze-cast nacre-mimetic ceramics
Freeze-cast nacre-mimetic ceramics are ceramic composites whose layered, brick-and-mortar microstructure, imitating mollusk-shell nacre, is produced by directional freezing of a ceramic slurry and infiltration with a polymer or metal.
Freeze-casting
Freeze-casting is a solidification processing technique in which a suspension is directionally frozen so solvent crystals reject particles, then sublimated, leaving porous materials used in biomedicine, filtration, and batteries.
Freeze-in
Freeze-in is a mechanism for producing particle dark matter in the early Universe, in which a feebly interacting particle is gradually populated without reaching thermal equilibrium.
Freezer burn
Freezer burn is surface dehydration and oxidation of frozen food, also called cold drying. Ice sublimates to vapor where air reaches food, leaving grayish-brown leathery spots; it harms quality, not safety, and is prevented by airtight, moisture-vapor-proof packaging at 0 °F.
Freezing
Freezing is the phase transition in which a liquid becomes a solid when its temperature falls to the freezing point, where solid and liquid are in equilibrium.
Freezing (manga)
Freezing (フリージング, 프리징) is a 2007 science-fiction action manga by Korean writer Dall-Young Lim and artist Kwang-Hyun Kim, serialized in Comic Valkyrie, collected in 33 volumes, adapted into two anime (2011, 2013), licensed by Seven Seas, and on hiatus since around 2019.
Freezing rain
Freezing rain is liquid rain that freezes into a glaze of ice on contact with any surface at or below freezing, coating roads, trees, and power lines.
Freezing-point depression
Freezing-point depression, described by Blagden's law, is the lowering of a liquid's freezing point when a solute dissolves in it, as in road de-icing and antifreeze.
Fregat
Fregat is a Russian autonomous upper stage built by Lavochkin that flies atop Soyuz and Zenit rockets, flight-qualified in 2000, to deliver spacecraft into higher orbits.
Frege system
A Frege system, also called a Frege proof system, is a standard axiomatic proof system for propositional logic, named after Gottlob Frege and central to proof complexity.
Frege's propositional calculus
Frege's propositional calculus is the axiomatic system for propositional logic in Gottlob Frege's 1879 Begriffsschrift, using only negation and the conditional, with six key axioms and modus ponens.
Fregellae (Italy)
Fregellae, Latin colony founded by Rome 328 BC in the Liri valley near Ceprano on the via Latina; loyal ally against Pyrrhus and Hannibal, destroyed 125 BC by praetor Lucius Opimius after revolt, replaced by Fabrateria Nova; excavated since 1978.
Fregenae
Fregenae (Φρεγῆνα), ancient maritime colony of Etruria founded 245 BC between Alsium and the Tiber mouth, on Caeretan land; site at Torre di Maccarese; distinct from Fregellae; declined after Portus; modern Fregene near Maccarese.
Fregene Surf Club
Fregene Surf Club: surf and windsurf clubs at Fregene, Fiumicino, near Rome, including Fregene Vela Surf Club (FVSC) and Point Break; beach-break spot on the Tyrrhenian coast hosting Italian longboard championships.
Fregoli delusion
Fregoli delusion, or Fregoli syndrome, is a rare delusional misidentification syndrome in which a familiar person is believed to be disguising themselves as strangers; first described by Courbon and Fail in 1927, named after quick-change actor Leopoldo Fregoli, and linked to right-hemisphere frontal lesions in secondary cases.
Frei Caneca
Frei Caneca (Joaquim do Amor Divino Caneca) was a Brazilian Carmelite friar, professor, and journalist who led the 1824 Confederation of the Equator and was executed in 1825.