All articles starting with F
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French battleship Jean Bart (1940)
The French battleship Jean Bart, a Richelieu-class ship begun in 1936, escaped incomplete to Casablanca in 1940 and was the last battleship ever completed, in 1955.
French battleship Richelieu
French battleship Richelieu, lead ship of the Richelieu class fast battleships, 8 x 380 mm guns in forward quadruple turrets, 37,832 tons standard, 32.6 knots; served Vichy France at Dakar, then the Allies from 1943, refitted in New York, and fought no fleet action.
French Bee
French Bee is a French low-cost long-haul airline based at Paris-Orly Airport and owned by Groupe Dubreuil. It flies an all-Airbus A350 fleet on leisure routes.
French bombardment of Đà Nẵng
The French bombardment of Đà Nẵng began on 1 September 1858, when a Franco-Spanish expedition under Admiral Rigault de Genouilly attacked the Vietnamese port then called Tourane.
French braid
French braid (British: French plait): a three-strand scalp braid with hair added as you go, strands crossing over the middle so it sits flat; the Dutch braid crosses under and sits raised. Not actually French in origin.
French Bulldog
French Bulldog (Bouledogue Français): small flat-faced companion breed developed in 1880s Paris from English Toy Bulldogs; bat ears, FCI Group 9; AKC's top US breed since 2022; major health concern is BOAS.
French Cameroons
French Cameroons, the larger eastern part of German Kamerun, was administered by France as a mandate from 1922 and became independent Cameroon on 1 January 1960.
French Campaign in Egypt and Syria
The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (الحملة الفرنسية على مصر) was Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Ottoman Egypt and Syria from 1798 to 1801, ending in French defeat.
French Canadians
French Canadians: descendants of New France's settlers in Canada, chiefly the Québécois of Quebec and the Acadians of the Maritimes; 21.4% of Canadians had French as first official language in 2021.
French Cancan
French Cancan is a 1955 French-Italian musical comedy by Jean Renoir, starring Jean Gabin as impresario Danglard, who revives the cancan dance and launches it at the Moulin Rouge in 1880s-1890s Paris, Renoir's first French film after exile.
French classicism
French classicism (classicisme français) is an artistic and literary ideal that took shape in 17th-century France under Louis XIV, imitating Greco-Roman antiquity in pursuit of order, clarity, and balance.
French colonial empire
French colonial empire: the overseas territories France ruled from the 17th century to decolonization (1945-1962), spanning a first Atlantic-Caribbean empire, a second African-Asian empire, and surviving overseas territories.
French colonization of Martinique and Guadeloupe
French colonization of Martinique and Guadeloupe began in 1635 with settlements backed by Cardinal Richelieu, built on enslaved African labor, and ended when both islands became French departments in 1946.
French colonization of the Americas
French colonization of the Americas was the effort to build colonies in North America and the Caribbean, formalized by a 1603 charter and ended by the 1803 Louisiana sale.
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (PCF, Parti communiste français), founded at the 1920 Tours Congress when the SFIO majority joined the Comintern, was France's largest postwar party, declined after 1981, and now sits in the Nouveau Front Populaire alliance.
French Connection
The French Connection, also called La French, was a Corsican-run heroin trafficking network based in Marseille that supplied the United States until the early 1970s.
French Connection (clothing)
French Connection (FCUK) is a British fashion brand founded in London in 1972 by Stephen Marks, named after the 1971 film, known for the 1997 FCUK slogan campaign, licensing, and its 2021 return to private ownership.
French Connection II
French Connection II (1975), John Frankenheimer's sequel to The French Connection, stars Gene Hackman as Popeye Doyle pursuing Alain Charnier in Marseille, where he is kidnapped and forced into heroin addiction.
French conquest of Algeria
French conquest of Algeria (1830–1847 and beyond): invasion of Algiers July 1830, Abd el-Kader's resistance, Bugeaud's total conquest, razzias and enfumades, and the ongoing genocide debate among historians.
French conquest of Corsica
The French conquest of Corsica (1768-1769): by the Treaty of Versailles of 15 May 1768 Genoa ceded the provisional exercise of sovereignty to France; Chauvelin was beaten at Borgo (9 October 1768), and the comte de Vaux defeated Pasquale Paoli at Ponte Novu (8-9 May 1769), ending the Corsican Republic.
French conquest of Dahomey
The French conquest of Dahomey was the series of campaigns between 1890 and 1894 by which France destroyed the independence of the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, and deposed King Béhanzin.
French conquest of Madagascar
The French conquest of Madagascar was the 1895 military expedition by which France ended Merina independence, taking the capital Antananarivo and annexing the island in 1896.
French conquest of Morocco
The French conquest of Morocco was the military campaign by which France, between 1901 and 1934, subjugated the Moroccan Sultanate and established the French Protectorate.
French conquest of Senegal
The French conquest of Senegal was the military expansion, beginning in the 1850s under governor Louis Faidherbe, that turned France's coastal trading enclaves into the territorial colony of Senegal.
French conquest of the Touat
The French conquest of the Touat was the occupation of the Saharan oasis groups of the Touat, Gourara, and Tidikelt in what is now southwestern Algeria between 1899 and 1901.
French conquest of Tonkin
The French conquest of Tonkin (Bac Ky) was France's seizure of northern Vietnam in 1873 and 1882–1883, when small expeditions under Francis Garnier and Henri Riviere took Hanoi.
French conquest of Tunisia
The French conquest of Tunisia was France's 1881 invasion of the Beylik of Tunis, made a French protectorate by the Treaty of Bardo of 12 May 1881.
French Constitution of 1791
The French Constitution of 1791, adopted 3 September 1791, was France's first written constitution, establishing a constitutional monarchy with a 745-member Legislative Assembly, censitary suffrage, and a suspensive royal veto; it collapsed in 1792.
French Constitution of 1793
French Constitution of 1793 (Constitution montagnarde, Constitution of Year I): first republican French constitution, adopted 24 June 1793, ratified by France's first referendum, never applied; suspended 10 October 1793.
French Consulate
The French Consulate (le Consulat) was France's regime from the Brumaire coup of November 1799 to the Empire of May 1804, headed by three consuls under Bonaparte as First Consul, with the Constitution of Year VIII, prefects, the Civil Code, and the Concordat of 1801.