All articles starting with F
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Freshwater crustacean fauna of Africa
The freshwater crustacean fauna of Africa centers on about 120 freshwater crab species, all endemic, with Lake Tanganyika holding the world's only endemic crab flock.
Freshwater crustacean fauna of Asia
The freshwater crustacean fauna of Asia is dominated by freshwater crabs of Potamidae and Gecarcinucidae and caridean shrimps, centered on tropical Asia, the world's richest region.
Freshwater crustacean fauna of Australia
The freshwater crustacean fauna of Australia comprises inland-water malacostracans and branchiopods, notable for very high endemicity and the world's most endangered freshwater crayfish fauna, assessed in 2010.
Freshwater crustacean fauna of North America
The freshwater crustacean fauna of North America comprises copepods, ostracods, branchiopods, and malacostracans, with malacostracans dominated by crayfishes, amphipods, and isopods, including many blind cave species.
Freshwater drum
Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) is a North American freshwater fish of the drum family Sciaenidae, ranging from Hudson Bay to Guatemala and known as sheepshead or gaspergou.
Freshwater ecosystem
A freshwater ecosystem is a community of organisms and their environment in low-salt water like rivers, lakes, and wetlands, covering under 1% of Earth's surface yet holding one third of vertebrate species.
Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish: fish living in rivers, lakes, and wetlands; 42.7% of all fish species occur only in freshwater. Key facts: 25% threatened with extinction (IUCN), migratory populations down 81% since 1970, inland fisheries worth about USD 19 billion.
Freshwater Fish Aquarium
Freshwater Fish Aquarium (สถานแสดงพันธุ์ปลาน้ำจืดภาคอีสาน), Sakon Nakhon, Thailand: a Department of Fisheries public aquarium with 36 tanks of Isan and Mekong fish, opened 1995, inside the Sakon Nakhon Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center.
Freshwater gastropods of Eurasia
Freshwater gastropods of Eurasia are the snail faunas of Europe and Asia's rivers, lakes, springs, and groundwaters, with roughly 1,500 West Palearctic species shaped by karst endemism and post-glacial recolonisation.
Freshwater gastropods of North America
The freshwater gastropods of North America are the snails living in rivers, lakes, springs, and groundwaters of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico, with about 64% imperiled.
Freshwater lichens by region
Freshwater lichens are lichen-forming fungi found in and along watercourses, with about 200 species known worldwide, most unable to survive constant immersion and knowledge biased toward temperate regions.
Freshwater mussel conservation
Freshwater mussel conservation is the applied biology of protecting unionoid mussels, whose larvae parasitize fish and whose populations are declining, through habitat restoration, hatchery propagation, and legal protection.
Freshwater pearl mussel
Freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera; eastern pearlshell): a Holarctic, long-lived salmonid-parasite bivalve of nutrient-poor rivers, Critically Endangered in Europe, over 90% declined, juveniles buried 5 years.
Freshwater prawn farming
Freshwater prawn farming: aquaculture of Macrobrachium prawns, chiefly giant river prawn M. rosenbergii, in ponds and rice fields; 450,158 t farmed in 2010, hatchery-nursery-grow-out phases, lower impacts than marine shrimp.
Freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod molluscs of inland waters, descended from at least 32 independent marine colonizations, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis parasites, grazers of algae, and a group including 95 documented invasive species.
Freshwater sponge ecology
Freshwater sponge ecology covers how sponges live attached to hard surfaces in lakes and streams, filtering water, signaling high water quality, and hosting algae, insects, and predators.
Freshwater, Isle of Wight
Freshwater is a village and parish on the west coast of the Isle of Wight, England, known for Freshwater Bay's shingle beach beneath chalk cliffs, the Stag and Mermaid rock stacks, Tennyson's Farringford, Julia Margaret Cameron's Dimbola, and walks to Tennyson Down and the Needles.
Freshworks
Freshworks, founded as Freshdesk in Chennai, India, in 2010, is a software-as-a-service company selling customer and employee experience software, including Freshdesk, Freshservice, and Freddy AI assistants.
Fresko
Fresko, renamed Fresco in 2020, is a 2010 Queen Games board game by Marco Ruskowski and Marcel Süßelbeck for 2–4 players; Renaissance painters restore a cathedral fresco, with a wake-up-time mechanism setting turn order, market prices, and apprentice mood. Spiel des Jahres 2010 nominee, Deutscher Spielepreis 2010 winner.
Fresnel diffraction
Fresnel diffraction is the near-field diffraction of light that applies when source and observation distances are comparable to the aperture size; its applications include Fresnel zone plates, which focus X-rays.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations, or Fresnel coefficients, are formulas giving how much light reflects and transmits at the interface between two media, developed by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1821–1823.
Fresnel integral
The Fresnel integrals, also called the Fresnel functions, are two special functions C(z) and S(z) that arise in Fresnel near-field diffraction, where wavelet phase varies quadratically with position.
Fresnel lens
The Fresnel lens, also called the bull's eye lens, is a thin lens of stepped concentric zones that focuses light like a much thicker lens.
Fresnel number
The Fresnel number is a dimensionless quantity in optics, F = a²/(λL), counting the Fresnel half-wavelength zones in an aperture and distinguishing Fresnel near-field from Fraunhofer far-field diffraction.
Fresnel zone
A Fresnel zone is one of a family of concentric regions, ellipsoids around a radio path or rings on a wavefront, defined by half-wavelength path differences.
Fresno
Fresno is a Brazilian rock band formed in 1999 in Porto Alegre, a leading name of 2000s Brazilian emo, with a gold record and a Latin Grammy.
Fresno County, California
Fresno County, California: a San Joaquin Valley county formed in 1856, seat at Fresno, population about 1.04 million, sixth-largest county by area, and the top U.S. county for agricultural sales.
Fresno Grizzlies
Fresno Grizzlies, Single-A California League baseball team and Colorado Rockies affiliate in Fresno, California. Founded 1998 as Triple-A; plays at Chukchansi Park; led California League attendance six straight years.
Fresno nightcrawler
Fresno Nightcrawler (Fresno Alien, walking pants): a modern cryptid from 2007 Fresno, California security footage showing pale, armless leg-like figures, plus a 2011 Yosemite clip; unverified, embraced as Fresno's mascot.
Fresno State Bulldogs football
Fresno State Bulldogs football: California State University, Fresno's FBS team, 405-286-4 all-time, 29 conference titles, home at Valley Children's Stadium; Mountain West member until joining the Pac-12 in 2026 under coach Matt Entz.