All articles starting with F

Fuzz Townshend

Fuzz Townshend (John Richard Keith Townshend, born 1964) is a Birmingham-born British drummer, ex-Pop Will Eat Itself and Bentley Rhythm Ace member, solo big beat artist, and mechanic-presenter of Channel 4's Car S.O.S with Tim Shaw.

Fuzzball (string theory)

In string theory, a fuzzball is a proposed black hole microstate: a horizon-free configuration extending over the horizon scale, proposed by Samir Mathur to resolve the information paradox.

Fuzzing

Fuzzing, or fuzz testing, is an automated software testing technique that feeds programs large numbers of malformed inputs and monitors for crashes, hangs, and memory errors.

Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP, FAHP) is a multi-criteria decision-making method that replaces crisp pairwise comparisons with fuzzy numbers to derive priority weights.

Fuzzy arithmetic

Fuzzy arithmetic is the extension of arithmetic operations from real numbers to fuzzy numbers, used to calculate with non-probabilistic uncertainty such as expert judgment or linguistic scales.

Fuzzy c-means

Fuzzy c-means, also known as fuzzy c-means clustering, is a clustering algorithm that gives every data point a membership degree in each cluster rather than one hard label.

Fuzzy calculus

Fuzzy calculus is the branch of mathematical analysis extending differentiation and integration to fuzzy-number-valued functions, emerging from fuzzy set theory and applied mainly to fuzzy differential equations.

Fuzzy clustering

Fuzzy clustering is a family of clustering methods assigning each point a membership degree between 0 and 1 in every cluster, rather than one hard label.

Fuzzy cognitive map

A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is a graph-based modeling method in which weighted, signed causal links connect concepts and simulations support decision making in complex systems.

Fuzzy cognitive mapping

Fuzzy cognitive mapping is a modeling method that represents concepts and weighted causal relationships as a graph, simulating how activation spreads to support scenario analysis and decisions.

Fuzzy control system

A fuzzy control system is a control system whose controller uses fuzzy logic and linguistic rules, converting a human operator's heuristic knowledge into automatic control strategy.

Fuzzy dark matter

Fuzzy dark matter, also called wave dark matter, is a proposed form of dark matter made of ultralight particles that behave collectively as a wave, proposed in 2000.

Fuzzy Delphi method

The Fuzzy Delphi method is a consensus-building and forecasting technique that combines the classical Delphi expert survey with fuzzy set theory, letting experts answer with fuzzy numbers; it was first proposed in 1985.

Fuzzy entropy

Fuzzy entropy is a measure of the degree of fuzziness of a fuzzy set, defined by De Luca and Termini in 1972 without reference to probability.

Fuzzy goal programming

Fuzzy goal programming (FGP) is a multi-objective optimization method that treats imprecise targets as fuzzy sets with membership functions, introduced by Ram Narasimhan in 1980.

Fuzzy inference system

A fuzzy inference system is a computational method that maps inputs to outputs through if-then rules over fuzzy sets, used in control systems such as cement kilns since 1978.

Fuzzy k-means clustering

Fuzzy k-means clustering, also called fuzzy c-means, is a soft clustering algorithm that assigns each data point fractional memberships in every cluster rather than one hard label.

Fuzzy linear programming

Fuzzy linear programming (FLP) treats the parameters, constraints, or objectives of linear programming models as fuzzy, so constraints and goals are satisfied to varying degrees.

Fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic, also called mathematical fuzzy logic, is a form of reasoning that assigns propositions degrees of truth between 0 and 1, introduced by Lotfi A. Zadeh in 1965.

Fuzzy number

A fuzzy number is a fuzzy set on the real line representing an imprecise quantity such as "about 5", formulated by Didier Dubois and Henri Prade in 1978.

Fuzzy PID control

Fuzzy PID control is a control engineering method that uses fuzzy logic rules to adjust the gains of a PID controller online, or to build a nonlinear PID directly from fuzzy rules.

Fuzzy programming

Fuzzy programming is a family of optimization methods in operations research that models imprecise objectives and constraints as fuzzy sets, then converts them into solvable crisp programs.

Fuzzy regression

Fuzzy regression is a statistical modeling method that uses fuzzy numbers as coefficients and predictions, intended for small or vague samples where ordinary regression is problematic.

Fuzzy rough sets

Fuzzy rough sets are a hybrid mathematical model combining fuzzy set theory's graded membership with rough set theory's approximations, introduced by Dubois and Prade in 1990 and used mainly for feature selection.

Fuzzy set

A fuzzy set is a class in which membership is a matter of degree from 0 to 1, a concept introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in his 1965 paper "Fuzzy sets."

Fuzzy sphere

The fuzzy sphere is a noncommutative geometry that replaces functions on the two-sphere with finite matrix algebras, introduced by John Madore in 1992 as a symmetry-preserving cutoff.

Fuzzy time series

Fuzzy time series is a forecasting method, introduced by Song and Chissom in the early 1990s, whose observations are fuzzy sets or linguistic values rather than crisp numbers.

Fuzzy TOPSIS

Fuzzy TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method that ranks alternatives when ratings and weights are vague, combining TOPSIS with fuzzy set theory, introduced by Chen-Tung Chen in 2000.

Fuzzy Zoeller

Fuzzy Zoeller (Frank Urban Zoeller Jr., 1951-2025), American golfer, ten-time PGA Tour winner; won 1979 Masters on debut and 1984 U.S. Open at Winged Foot over Greg Norman; two Champions Tour wins.