All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR, "fire") is HL7's open API-based standard for exchanging health data via modular resources and RESTful interfaces. First presented 2012; R5 (2023) has 157 resource types; FHIR R4 is mandated for US ONC certification.
Fast ice
Fast ice, also called landfast ice, is sea ice fixed along the coast to shore, shoals, or grounded icebergs, covering about 1.8 million km² of the Arctic in winter.
Fast ignition
Fast ignition is a variant of inertial confinement fusion in which deuterium-tritium fuel is compressed to high density, then ignited separately by a short, ultra-intense laser pulse.
Fast inverse square root
Fast inverse square root, also called Fast InvSqrt, is an algorithm that estimates 1/√x by treating a float's bits as an integer, famous from the 1999 game Quake III Arena.
Fast ion
A fast ion is an ion in a fusion plasma whose energy greatly exceeds the thermal bulk, created by neutral beam injection, wave heating, or fusion reactions themselves.
Fast Load Control
Fast Load Control is a Massachusetts corporation in Providence, Rhode Island, holding inventor Robert H. Park's fast-valving patents, filed between 1972 and 1977, for turbine stability.
Fast multipole method
The fast multipole method (FMM) is a numerical algorithm, introduced by Leslie Greengard and Vladimir Rokhlin in 1987, that evaluates pairwise particle interactions in O(N) operations instead of O(N²).
Fast Neutrons
Fast neutrons: free neutrons of roughly 100 keV to 10 MeV kinetic energy from fission, accelerators, or isotopic sources; shielded with hydrogenous materials and used in neutron radiography and fast neutron cancer therapy.
Fast of Gedalia (צוֹם גְּדַלְיָה)
The Fast of Gedalia (Tzom Gedaliah) is a Jewish minor fast on 3 Tishrei, the day after Rosh Hashanah, mourning the assassination of Gedaliah ben Ahikam in 586 BCE.
Fast Pass Holdings, LLC (company)
Fast Pass Holdings, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company formed in 2017, based in Akron, Ohio, that raised about $188 million in an SEC-exempt offering.
Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins
Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) is a protein footprinting method that uses laser-generated hydroxyl radicals and mass spectrometry to measure protein structure in solution, introduced by Hambly and Gross in 2005.
Fast protein liquid chromatography
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a preparative liquid chromatography method that separates proteins and other biomolecules in aqueous buffers, introduced by Pharmacia in 1982.
Fast pyrolysis
Fast pyrolysis is the rapid thermal decomposition of biomass without oxygen at roughly 500 °C, yielding about 75% bio-oil, a liquid fuel produced at commercial scale.
Fast radio burst
A fast radio burst is a millisecond flash of radio emission from cosmological distances, first detected in 2007 and now known to come at least partly from magnetars.
Fast radio burst cosmology
Fast radio burst cosmology uses millisecond-duration extragalactic radio pulses as distance probes: each burst's dispersion measure grows with distance, measuring cosmic baryons and the Hubble constant.
Fast Radius
Fast Radius was a Chicago cloud manufacturing company using microfactories and 3D printing to make parts on demand; it went public in 2022 and filed for bankruptcy that November.
Fast Retailing (ファーストリテイリング)
Fast Retailing (ファーストリテイリング) is the Japanese apparel retail holding company behind UNIQLO, GU, and Theory, run on a SPA model by Tadashi Yanai. FY2026 revenue was ¥3.9633 trillion, and it may end 2026 as the world's second-largest apparel group.
Fast scanning calorimetry
Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) is a thermal analysis technique that heats and cools tiny samples at rates up to 10⁹ K/min using MEMS chip sensors.
Fast spin echo
Fast spin echo (FSE), also called turbo spin echo (TSE), is an MRI pulse sequence, based on the 1986 RARE technique, that is the workhorse for T2-weighted clinical MRI.
FAST study
FAST study (French Prospective Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Cohort Study, NCT02511158): a single-center prospective Paris cohort begun 2012 following knee ligament reconstruction patients for re-tear, function, and 20-year osteoarthritis outcomes.
Fast Times at Ridgemont High
Fast Times at Ridgemont High is a 1982 American teen comedy-drama directed by Amy Heckerling and written by Cameron Crowe from his book of the same name.
Fast wave current drive
Fast wave current drive (FWCD) is a tokamak current drive technique that launches fast magnetosonic waves asymmetrically to drive plasma current through electron Landau damping, enabling steady-state operation.
Fast wavelet transform
The fast wavelet transform (FWT), also known as Mallat's algorithm, is a linear-time algorithm that computes the discrete wavelet transform by filtering and downsampling a signal.
Fast X
Fast X, also known as Fast & Furious 10, is a 2023 American action film starring Vin Diesel as Dom Toretto, directed by Louis Leterrier.
Fast X-ray transient
A fast X-ray transient (FXT) is a brief, luminous burst of soft X-ray emission lasting tens to thousands of seconds; most lack gamma-ray counterparts, and their origins remain uncertain.
Fast-food restaurant
Fast-food restaurant, also called quick-service restaurant (QSR) or limited-service restaurant: counter-order, pay-before-eating dining with minimal table service. Defined by the 1948 Speedee Service System, drive-thru service, low checks, and NAICS 722211 classification.
Fast-ion D-alpha spectroscopy
Fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) spectroscopy is a diagnostic technique in magnetic confinement fusion that measures confined fast ions through Doppler-shifted Balmer-alpha light emitted after charge exchange with neutral-beam atoms.
FAST-LIO
FAST-LIO (Fast LiDAR-Inertial Odometry) is an open-source package that estimates robot trajectories and builds 3D maps by fusing LiDAR and IMU data through a Kalman filter.
FAST-LIVO
FAST-LIVO (Fast and Tightly-coupled Sparse-Direct LiDAR-Inertial-Visual Odometry) is an open-source odometry and mapping system fusing LiDAR, IMU, and camera data, published by the HKU MARS lab at IROS 2022.
FAST-MAG trial
FAST-MAG (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy–Magnesium) was a NINDS-funded phase 3 trial (2005–2013, 1,700 patients, Los Angeles and Orange counties) testing paramedic-initiated magnesium sulfate within 2 hours of stroke onset; safe and fast but no 90-day disability benefit.