All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Geographic distribution of spiders
The geographic distribution of spiders covers where the world's 54,102 described species live, on every continent except Antarctica, though tropical regions remain barely surveyed and most diversity is undocumented.
Geographic distribution of Teloschistaceae
The geographic distribution of Teloschistaceae describes where the family's more than 1,000 orange and yellow lichen-forming fungi occur on sun-exposed rocks across Eurasia, Australia, and the Pacific, with regional counts from Italy to the Commander Islands.
Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS), also called a geospatial information system, is a computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced data, first developed in Canada in the 1960s.
Geographic Names Information System
The Geographic Names Information System, also known as GNIS, is the United States Geological Survey database of official geographic feature names, covering about one million places.
Geographic routing
Geographic routing is a packet-forwarding technique for wireless and sensor networks in which each node forwards packets using physical positions, keeping state proportional to local density.
Geographic tongue
Geographic tongue, or benign migratory glossitis, is a benign inflammatory tongue condition with migrating map-like patches from loss of filiform papillae, affecting about 1–3% of adults and associated with psoriasis (OR 3.53).
Geographic Treatise (Dilizhi) of the Hanshu
The Geographic Treatise (地理志, Dilizhi) of the Hanshu, compiled by Ban Gu, is the first geographic treatise in a standard history, listing Western Han commanderies and populations.
Geographical centre of Earth
Geographical centre of Earth: the geocenter, the Earth system's center of mass defining the ITRF origin, measured by satellite laser ranging, versus undefined surface geographic centers such as Europe's contested midpoints.
Geographical distribution of French speakers
Geographical distribution of French speakers: francophonie counts by the OIF Observatoire, 396 million francophones in 2026 with 65% in Africa, daily-use shares by region, official status in 32 states, and a projected 590 million speakers by 2050.
Geographical distribution of population
Geographical distribution of population, also called spatial or population distribution, describes where people live and how densely. Over 75% live in South/East Asia, Europe, and northeastern North America; cities now hold 45% of 8.2 billion people.
Geographical feature
Geographical feature: an identifiable representation of a natural, constructed, or administrative thing on or near Earth's surface, with location, type, and attributes; represented as points, lines, polygons, or raster cells, named in GNIS, and modeled by ISO 19109 and OGC standards.
Geographical indication
Geographical indication (GI): a sign, also called appellation of origin or PDO/PGI, marking products whose quality, reputation, or characteristics stem from a specific geographic origin, protected via TRIPS, sui generis systems, or trademarks.
Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union
EU quality schemes protecting food, wine and spirit names: PDO, PGI, GI for spirits, and TSG for traditional products without geographic link; governed by Regulation (EU) 2024/1143, with about 4,000 registered names in eAmbrosia.
Geographical midpoint of Europe
Geographical midpoint of Europe: disputed center points of the continent, claimed at Suchowola (Poland, 1775), Purnuškės near Vilnius (Lithuania, IGN 1989), Kremnické Bane (Slovakia), and Kremsmünster (Austria); location varies with Europe's defined borders and calculation method.
Geographical zone
A geographical zone, also called a geographical climate zone, is one of the principal zones into which the Earth is divided by climate, roughly demarcated by latitude and altitude.
Geographically weighted regression
Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a local regression method, introduced by Brunsdon, Fotheringham, and Charlton in 1996, that fits separate coefficients at every location using distance-based weights.
Geography
Geography, the study of places and relationships between people and environments, spans physical geography, human geography, and GIS. Founded by Eratosthenes in the third century BC, it asks "the why of where."
Geography III
Geography III is the final collection of poems by the American poet Elizabeth Bishop, first published in 1976 and containing ten poems, including "One Art" and "In the Waiting Room".
Geography Markup Language
Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML grammar for modeling, transporting, and storing geographic information, first submitted to the Open Geospatial Consortium in 1999 and now at version 3.2.1.
Geography Now
Geography Now, also called GeoNow, is Paul Barbato's educational YouTube channel that profiled all 193 UN-recognized countries alphabetically from Afghanistan (2014) to Zimbabwe (2024), using segments on physical, political, and demographic geography.
Geography of Afghanistan
Geography of Afghanistan: landlocked, fan-shaped Central Asian country of about 650,000 sq km, three-quarters mountains dominated by the Hindu Kush, arid continental climate, snowmelt-fed rivers (Helmand, Amu Darya, Kabul), and high hazard exposure.
Geography of Africa
Geography of Africa: the physical geography of the second-largest continent, spanning the Sahara (3.6 million sq mi), savanna, Congo rainforest, Kalahari, and Mediterranean fringes, with plateau relief and major rivers Nile and Congo.
Geography of Alaska
Geography of Alaska: the largest U.S. state, 586,412 sq mi, bordering the Pacific, Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas and Canada. Key facts: 6,640-mile coastline, Denali at 20,308 ft, ~75,000 km2 of glaciers, permafrost, and five climate zones.
Geography of Albania
Geography of Albania: 28,748 km² country in the western Balkan Peninsula, mountainous (average altitude 700 m, Korabi 2,751 m), bordered by Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Greece, with a 362 km Adriatic-Ionian coastline and the Vjosa wild river national park.
Geography of Algeria
The geography of Algeria describes the physical and human geography of Africa's largest country, from a narrow Mediterranean coast across the Atlas mountains into the Sahara.
Geography of Arizona
Geography of Arizona: the state's three physiographic provinces (Colorado Plateau, Transition Zone, Basin, and Range), the Mogollon Rim, elevations from 70 to 12,633 feet, semiarid monsoon climate, and Colorado River drainage and water allocations.
Geography of Asia
Geography of Asia: the world's largest continent, about 30 percent of Earth's land area and 60 percent of its population, spanning Himalayan mountains, the Tibetan Plateau, vast rivers like the Yangtze, monsoon climates, and rapid urbanization.
Geography of Australia
Geography of Australia: the 7.69 million km² continent, Earth's largest island and lowest landmass (330 m average elevation), with ten deserts, inland-draining rivers, subtropical-ridge-driven variable rainfall, and high endemism.
Geography of Bangladesh
Geography of Bangladesh: low-lying deltaic South Asian country of 147,570 km² in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, with 800 rivers, monsoon climate, 720 km Bay of Bengal coastline, and high flood and cyclone exposure.
Geography of Beijing
Geography of Beijing: China's capital municipality (16,410.54 km², 16 districts) on the northern North China Plain, bordered by Tianjin and Hebei, with Yanshan and Taihang mountains west and north, plains southeast, 45% forest coverage.