All articles starting with G
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German debt brake
The German debt brake (Schuldenbremse) is a constitutional fiscal rule added to the Basic Law in 2009 that caps federal structural net borrowing at 0.35% of GDP.
German declaration of war against the United States
Germany's declaration of war on the United States, December 11, 1941: Ribbentrop's note to chargé Morris, Hitler's Reichstag speech, Tripartite Pact context, and the US Congress's same-day 88-0 Senate war declaration.
German Democratic Party
German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP, later Deutsche Staatspartei/DStP): left-liberal Weimar Republic party founded 1918, Weimar Coalition member with SPD and Zentrum, won 18.5% in 1919, drafted the Weimar Constitution, declined to 3.8% by 1930 and dissolved in 1933.
German dialects
German dialects, also called dialects of German, are regional varieties of German spoken across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, differing from Standard German in pronunciation and grammar.
German diaspora
German diaspora: Germans and their descendants living outside Germany, shaped by 5.5 million 1816–1914 overseas emigrants (mainly to the USA), 14 million postwar expellees, and today's German citizens abroad, concentrated in Switzerland.
German dystopian fiction
German dystopian fiction is dystopian literature written in German, a tradition including works by Thomas Mann, Günter Grass, and Juli Zeh, though German writing never developed dystopia as a genre.
German East Africa
German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika), 1885–1918 German colony in present-day Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and part of Mozambique. Rupee currency, Maji Maji Rebellion 1905–07, partitioned after Versailles into British Tanganyika and Belgian Ruanda-Urundi.
German East Africa Company
The German East Africa Company (Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft) was a chartered colonial company founded by Carl Peters that ruled German East Africa until the Reich took over in 1890.
German economic crisis (2022–present)
The German economic crisis is the downturn from the 2022 energy price shock onward, with GDP contracting in 2023 and 2024, a manufacturing recession, and a fiscal turn in 2025.
German Emperor
German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser), head of state of the German Empire 1871–1918, held by the King of Prussia under Article 11 of the Bismarck constitution; Wilhelm I proclaimed at Versailles 18 January 1871; office ended with Wilhelm II's abdication and the republic on 9 November 1918.
German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Reich, Deutsches Kaiserreich), the Second Reich: federal monarchy proclaimed 18 January 1871 under Prussian leadership and the 1871 constitution; industrialized rapidly, pioneered social insurance, collapsed in the November Revolution of 1918.
German Equestrian Federation
German Equestrian Federation (Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung, FN), founded 1905 in Berlin, HQ Warendorf; world's largest equestrian federation, governing German riding, driving, vaulting, breeding, and the LPO rulebook, merging with the DOKR under Pferdesport Deutschland.
German Ethics Council
German Ethics Council (Deutscher Ethikrat), independent bioethics advisory body under the 2007 Ethics Council Act, 26 members appointed by the Bundestag President, advising Bundestag and Federal Government via opinions and ad hoc recommendations; chaired by Helmut Frister.
German Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation
The German Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation (Bundesstelle für Seeunfalluntersuchung, BSU) is Germany's independent federal authority, based in Hamburg, that investigates marine casualties for safety without apportioning blame.
German Figure Skating Championships
German Figure Skating Championships (Deutsche Meisterschaften im Eiskunstlaufen), Germany's annual national figure skating championships run by the Deutsche Eislauf-Union; 127th edition held December 2025 in Oberstdorf, 128th scheduled for Krefeld 2026.
German Football Association
German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund, DFB), founded 28 January 1900 in Leipzig; governing body of German football, FIFA member since 1904, with over 24,000 clubs, 8 million members, Bundesliga founder, president Bernd Neuendorf.
German Football League
German Football League (GFL), top American football league of Germany under the AFVD, founded 1979, renamed from 1. Bundesliga in 1999; 28 teams in 2026, champion decided in the GFL Bowl, distinct from the soccer Bundesliga.
German football league system
German football league system: the DFB/DFL pyramid from the 18-club Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga through the 3. Liga, five Regionalliga divisions, Oberligen and Kreisligigen, with promotion, relegation, licensing, the 50+1 rule and women's leagues.
Germán Garmendia
Germán Garmendia (Germán Alejandro Garmendia Aranis, born 1990) is a Chilean YouTuber behind HolaSoyGerman and JuegaGerman; first Latin American to pass 10 million subscribers (2013), about 23 billion views, Ruby Play Button 2024.
German grammar
German grammar: the morphological and syntactic system of standard German, including four-case marking, verb-second main clauses and verb-final subordinate clauses, described in reference works such as Duden – Die Grammatik and governed for spelling by the Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung.
German Grand Prix
The German Grand Prix (Großer Preis von Deutschland) is a Formula 1 motor race, first held in 1926 and run at the Nürburgring, AVUS, and Hockenheim, last held in 2019.
German honorifics
German honorifics: the du/Sie pronominal address system, historical Ihr, Er/Sie, and five-tier forms, nominal titles Herr/Frau, regional hybrids like Hamburger Sie, and recent spread of du.
German Humanism
German Humanism (deutscher Humanismus) was the Renaissance humanist movement in Germany, whose scholars edited classical Greek and Latin texts and reformed education, flourishing from 1480 to 1520.
German idealism
German idealism, also called German classical philosophy, was a movement in German philosophy led by Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel from the 1780s to the 1840s.
German identity card
The German identity card (Personalausweis) is the official national identity document issued to German citizens, in credit-card format since 2010 with a contactless chip enabling online identification.
German Instrument of Surrender
German Instrument of Surrender, the unconditional surrender document of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht: signed at Reims 7 May 1945 by Jodl and definitively at Berlin-Karlshorst by Keitel, ending WWII in Europe at 23:01 CET, 8 May 1945.
German invasion of Denmark (1940)
German invasion of Denmark, 9 April 1940, Weserübung Süd: Wehrmacht occupation of neutral Denmark under Operation Weserübung; four-hour campaign, sixteen Danish dead, same-day capitulation, occupation until May 1945.
German invasion of Luxembourg
German invasion of Luxembourg, 10 May 1940, part of Fall Gelb: Wehrmacht units of Army Group A overran the neutral Grand Duchy, whose government and Grand Duchess Charlotte fled to London; occupation, annexation as Gau Moselland, and liberation in September 1944 followed.
German Jewish military personnel of World War II
German Jewish military personnel of World War II: refugees who fought for the Allies, notably the roughly 2,000 German Jewish Ritchie Boys at Camp Ritchie, and Mischlinge of Jewish descent drafted into the Wehrmacht.
German keyboard layout
The German keyboard layout is a QWERTZ layout standard in Germany and Austria, defined by DIN 2137, with dedicated keys for ä, ö, ü, and ß.