All articles starting with G
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Gain saturation
Gain saturation is the reduction of a laser medium's optical gain as signal intensity rises, when stimulated emission depletes the pumping-built population inversion, clamping laser gain at threshold.
Gain scheduling
Gain scheduling is a control engineering technique that controls nonlinear or time-varying systems with a family of linear controllers whose gains adjust automatically with measured scheduling variables.
Gain-of-function research
Gain-of-function research deliberately modifies organisms, typically pathogens, to enhance traits like transmissibility or virulence; most such research is benign human genetics, but a small pandemic-potential subset drove the 2014 US funding pause and the 2025-2026 dangerous gain-of-function prohibition.
Gainax (ガイナックス)
Gainax (ガイナックス) was a Japanese anime studio founded in 1984 by Osaka sci-fi fans, creator of Neon Genesis Evangelion, Gunbuster, Nadia, FLCL, and Gurren Lagann; it filed for bankruptcy in May 2024 and its trademark passed to Studio Khara.
Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville, Florida, the largest city and county seat of Alachua County in north central Florida, founded 1854, incorporated 1869, and home of the University of Florida, which anchors its university-driven economy.
Gainesville, Georgia
Gainesville, Georgia, seat of Hall County, chartered 1821 as Mule Camp Springs and renamed for Gen. Edmund P. Gaines. Poultry Capital of the World on Lake Lanier, 52 miles northeast of Atlanta; 2020 census population 42,296.
Gaining stream
A gaining stream is a stream reach that receives groundwater, which discharges through the streambed where the water table stands higher than the stream's water surface, sustaining baseflow.
Gains from trade
Gains from trade are the increase in a country's real income from trading with the world rather than being in autarky, often measured as a percentage of GDP.
Gainsborough (Mercurian crater)
Gainsborough, Mercury crater, IAU-approved 1985, named for English painter Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788); 95 km diameter, centered 35.73 S, 184.52 W in Mercury's southern hemisphere.
Gainsborough Pictures
Gainsborough Pictures: British film company founded 1924 by Michael Balcon and Victor Saville, based at the converted Islington power station studio where Hitchcock made The Lodger and The Lady Vanishes; famed for 1940s costume melodramas like The Man in Grey and The Wicked Lady; closed 1949.
Gainsight
Gainsight, originally named JBara Software, Inc., is a Redwood City, California software company founded in 2013 that sells customer success software for subscription businesses; Vista Equity Partners acquired it for a reported $1.1 billion in 2020.
Gait
Gait: the pattern of human or animal walking and running, analyzed via the gait cycle (60% stance, 40% swing). Also called locomotion analysis; measured by observational, 3D laboratory, wearable IMU, and video methods.
Gait analysis
Gait analysis is the clinical recording and interpretation of walking measurements, using motion capture, force plates, and EMG to diagnose gait disorders and plan treatment.
Gait phase detection
Gait phase detection identifies the phase of the walking cycle a person or legged robot is in, distinguishing stance from swing and locating heel strike and toe off.
Gait Trainer GT I
The Gait Trainer GT I is a stationary electromechanical gait rehabilitation machine in which a harnessed patient stands on two driven footplates simulating walking, developed by Drs. Stefan Hesse and Dietmar Uhlenbrock in Berlin.
Gait training
Gait training is a rehabilitation therapy using repetitive walking practice, assistive devices, or robotic aids to improve walking after stroke, spinal cord injury, and other impairments.
Gaiters
Gaiters are lower-leg coverings worn over shoes or boots, from ankle to below the knee. Once clerical and military dress, now used for hiking, riding (half chaps vs gaiters), chainsaw protection, and snakebite defense.
Gaither Vocal Band
Gaither Vocal Band, American southern gospel quintet founded by Bill Gaither in 1980 in Alexandria, Indiana; Grammy winners for Homecoming (1991) and Lovin' Life (2009); current lineup includes Wes Hampton, Adam Crabb, Todd Suttles, and Reggie Smith.
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Gaithersburg is a Montgomery County, Maryland city of about 69,657 (2020 census), home to NIST's 578-acre headquarters campus, reached by the 1873 B&O Metropolitan Branch, with 44.3% foreign-born residents.
Gaius Appuleius Diocles
Gaius Appuleius Diocles, 2nd-century AD Lusitanian Roman charioteer of the Red faction, won 1,462 of 4,257 races over 24 years and earned 35,863,120 sesterces, recorded in CIL VI 10048; often called history's highest-paid athlete, though such modern conversions are disputed.
Gaius Caesar
Gaius Caesar (20 BCE–4 CE), eldest son of Agrippa and Julia, grandson and adopted heir of Augustus; designated consul and princeps iuventutis, died wounded at Artagira in Lycia, never emperor.
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Gaius Cassius Longinus (c. 86–42 BCE), Roman tyrannicide, instigator of Julius Caesar's assassination with Brutus, Parthia defender at Antioch, died by suicide at the first Battle of Philippi, 3 October 42 BCE.
Gaius Charles
Gaius Charles (born 1983, New York City) is an American actor known for Brian "Smash" Williams on Friday Night Lights, Dr. Shane Ross on Grey's Anatomy, and Perlie Armstrong on The Walking Dead: Dead City.
Gaius Helen Mohiam
Gaius Helen Mohiam, Reverend Mother of Frank Herbert's Dune novels; Bene Gesserit leader, Emperor's Truthsayer, administer of Paul's gom jabbar test; killed by Stilgar in Dune Messiah; portrayed by Siân Phillips, Zuzana Geislerová, and Charlotte Rampling.
Gaius Maecenas
Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, Etruscan-born equestrian adviser to Augustus, diplomat and vicegerent of Rome and Italy, and patron of Virgil, Horace, and Propertius; died 8 BC.
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (c. 157–86 BCE), Roman general and seven-time consul from Arpinum, victor of the Jugurthine War and destroyer of the Cimbri and Teutones, whose rivalry with Sulla and contested military reforms helped end the Roman Republic.
Gaius Petronius
Gaius Petronius was the third Roman prefect of Egypt, serving from 24 to 21 BC, and led the retaliatory war against the Kushite kingdom of Meroe, sacking Napata.
Gaiwan
A gaiwan (盖碗, "lidded bowl") is a Chinese three-piece lidded tea bowl, developed in the Ming dynasty, popular during the Qing, and widely used for gongfu tea brewing.
Gaizka Mendieta
Gaizka Mendieta Zabala (born 1974, Lekeitio), Spanish midfielder; Valencia captain 1993-2001, Copa del Rey 1999, Champions League runner-up 2000 and 2001, UEFA Best Midfielder both seasons; later Lazio, Barcelona, Middlesbrough; 40 Spain caps.
Gaj Singh (गज सिंह)
Gaj Singh (गज सिंह), Bapji, born 1948, Maharaja of Jodhpur-Marwar from 1952 after his father's air crash, regency of Krishna Kumari, founder of Mehrangarh Museum Trust and heritage-tourism pioneer.