All articles starting with G

Globular cluster

A globular cluster is a dense, roughly spherical collection of gravitationally bound stars, tens of thousands to millions packed into 50 to 450 light-years, among the oldest known stellar systems.

Globulins: blood serum proteins distinct from albumin, made by the liver and immune system, divided into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma fractions by electrophoresis; gamma globulins carry antibodies, and abnormal levels point to liver, kidney, autoimmune, or blood-cancer conditions.

Globus

Globus, also called globus pharyngeus or globus hystericus, is the feeling of a lump stuck in the throat that occurs between meals while swallowing remains normal, a common benign symptom.

Globus cruciger

The globus cruciger, also called the Imperial Orb or cross-bearing orb, is a sphere surmounted by a cross, an emblem of royal power symbolizing Christ's rule over the world.

Globus Medical

Globus Medical, Inc. is a Pennsylvania medical device company, founded in 2003, that makes spinal implants and the ExcelsiusGPS robotic navigation system for spine surgery.

Globus-M

Globus-M (Глобус-М) is the first Russian spherical tokamak, built at the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Saint Petersburg and first started up in 1999, later upgraded to Globus-M2.

Glocalization

Glocalization: adaptation of global products and ideas to local conditions, from Japanese dochakuka discourse, theorized by Roland Robertson from 1992; covers mechanisms, McDonald's and Netflix cases, Ritzer's critique, and rival theories.

Glochiceras

Glochiceras (Hyatt, 1900) is an extinct Late Jurassic ammonite genus of the family Oppeliidae, subfamily Glochiceratinae: small, smooth, compressed shells with lappets, likely microconchs of Ochetoceras or Taramelliceras, used in Kimmeridgian biostratigraphy.

Glochidium

Glochidium (plural glochidia): the parasitic larva of freshwater mussels (Unionoida) that attaches to fish gills or fins, is encysted by host tissue, and metamorphoses into a juvenile; host specificity ranges from generalist Anodonta to salmonid-specialist Margaritifera.

Glock

Glock, also known as the Glock Pistol, is a family of Austrian polymer-framed, striker-fired semi-automatic pistols developed by engineer Gaston Glock and adopted in 1982.

Glock 17

The Glock 17 is a 9×19mm, polymer-framed, striker-fired semi-automatic pistol designed by Austrian engineer Gaston Glock and adopted by the Austrian Army in 1982 as its P80 service pistol.

Glock 19

The Glock 19 is a compact, polymer-framed 9 mm semi-automatic pistol from Austrian manufacturer GLOCK, in production since 1988 and used widely in law enforcement.

Glock Ges.m.b.H.

Glock Ges.m.b.H. is an Austrian weapons manufacturer headquartered in Ferlach, best known for the polymer-framed Glock pistols designed by its founder Gaston Glock, which became the Austrian Army's service pistol in the 1980s.

Glock Safe Action system

The Glock Safe Action system is the striker-fired trigger design in Glock pistols, with three passive safeties that disengage as the trigger is pulled and re-engage when released.

Glock switch

A Glock switch, also called an auto sear or auto switch, is a small device that converts a semiautomatic Glock pistol into a fully automatic firearm, illegal to possess under federal law.

Glockenspiel

Glockenspiel, also called orchestra bells (German Glockenspiel, "bell play"), a metal-bar keyboard percussion instrument sounding two octaves above written pitch, with a bright bell-like tone, ranges around 2.5–3.3 octaves, and orchestral excerpts like The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

GloFish

GloFish is a trademarked brand of genetically modified freshwater aquarium fish that carry jellyfish and coral fluorescent genes and glow under blue light, first sold in 2003.

Sep 29, 2026

Glofitamab

Glofitamab, sold as Columvi, is a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody that treats relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, approved in Europe and North America in 2023.

Oct 20, 2026

Gloi (crater on Callisto)

Gloi is a 115.30-km-diameter impact crater on Callisto at 49.00°N, 245.00°W, adopted by the IAU in 1979 and named after a Norse dwarf; it names a USGS 1:5,000,000 quadrangle map of the moon.

Glomalin

Glomalin: glycoprotein discovered in 1996 by Sara Wright, produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and measured as glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP); linked to soil aggregation, carbon storage, and a proposed but unconfirmed HSP60 identity.

Glomar Explorer

Glomar Explorer, also known as Hughes Glomar Explorer, is a deep-ocean ship built by the CIA in the early 1970s to raise a sunken Soviet submarine.

Glomar response

Glomar response: a FOIA reply in which a US agency neither confirms nor denies (NCND) that records exist; named for the Hughes Glomar Explorer and Phillippi v. CIA (1976).

Glomerella graminicola

Glomerella graminicola D.J. Politis, 1975, a synonym of Colletotrichum graminicola, the hemibiotrophic ascomycete causing maize anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot, with melanized appressoria and about one billion dollars of annual U.S. losses.

Glomeromycota

Glomeromycota (AM fungi) is a fungal phylum forming arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with 70–90% of land plants, exchanging phosphate and nitrogen for up to 20% of plant carbon; established as a phylum in 2001, sometimes treated as subphylum Glomeromycotina.

Glomeromycota classification and orders

Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) is a fungal phylum proposed in 2001, whose classification grew from one order (Glomales, 1990) to four orders (2013 consensus) and nine orders, 26 families, about 60 genera by 2026.

Glomerular cell

A glomerular cell is one of the four resident cell types forming the glomerulus, the kidney's microscopic capillary tuft that filters blood to form urine: podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and parietal epithelial cells.

Glomerular endothelial cell

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC): fenestrated, glycocalyx-coated endothelial cell lining glomerular capillaries, forming the first layer of the glomerular filtration barrier; its negatively charged glycocalyx plugs nondiaphragmed fenestrae and restricts albumin, with roles in pre-eclampsia and diabetic kidney disease.

Glomerular filtration rate

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the rate of plasma filtration by the kidney glomeruli in mL/min/1.73 m², is measured by inulin, iothalamate, ⁵¹Cr-EDTA, or iohexol clearance, or estimated with CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin C equations.

Glomerular mesangial cell

Glomerular mesangial cell (mesangial cell): smooth muscle-like contractile and phagocytic pericyte between glomerular capillaries; supports capillary loops, regulates filtration surface, and drives mesangial expansion in diabetic and IgA kidney disease.