All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Glossary of rail transport terms
A glossary of rail transport terms, also known as rail terminology, defines the vocabulary of railways, including rolling stock, bogie, gauge, and the railroad-versus-railway regional split.
Glossary of rowing terms
The glossary of rowing terms, also called a list of rowing terms, defines the sport's vocabulary: boat codes, the coxswain, stroke phases, and race formats like regattas.
Glossary of Scientology
The glossary of Scientology, also called the Scientology glossary, is the specialized vocabulary coined or redefined by L. Ron Hubbard, covering terms like thetan, engram, auditing, and clear.
Glossary of solitaire terms
Glossary of solitaire terms: patience vocabulary including tableau, foundation, stock, waste, free cells, reserve, run, and wrapping, with Klondike, Spider, and FreeCell differences.
Glossary of tennis terms
Glossary of tennis terms: reference list of tennis vocabulary, including love (zero), deuce, advantage, ace, let, break point, court lines, and shot names, per ITF and USTA definitions.
Glossectomy
A glossectomy is surgery that removes all or part of the tongue, performed most often to treat oral cancer and graded as partial, hemi-, subtotal, or total.
Glossina morsitans
Glossina morsitans (tsetse fly, Westwood 1850), savanna species of the morsitans group with subspecies morsitans, centralis, and submorsitans; major vector of Trypanosoma congolense, first tsetse genome sequenced in 2014.
Glossina taxonomy and species
Glossina taxonomy covers the classification of tsetse flies, the sole genus Glossina in the family Glossinidae, with 22 species in three main groups across sub-Saharan Africa.
Glossiphoniidae
Glossiphoniidae, the flat leeches, a worldwide family of about 200 freshwater proboscis-bearing leeches known for ventral brooding of young, vertebrate blood feeding, and two independent origins of marsupial kangaroo leeches.
Glossitis
Glossitis, or tongue inflammation, includes atrophic, geographic (benign migratory), median rhomboid, and strawberry tongue forms; causes range from iron and B12 deficiency to Candida infection, with most cases self-limiting.
Glossopalatine ankylosis
Glossopalatine ankylosis (Cosack syndrome, superior ankyloglossia) is a rare congenital OLHS disorder in which a fibrous band ties the tongue to the hard palate, with cleft palate, micrognathia, and limb defects; treated by surgical division.
Glossophaga
Glossophaga is a genus of Neotropical nectar-feeding leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae, Glossophaginae) with five recognized species, including Pallas's long-tongued bat G. soricina, known for hemodynamic erectile papillae on its lapping tongue.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, nervus glossopharyngeus): ninth cranial nerve from the medulla exiting via the jugular foramen; supplies stylopharyngeus, parotid gland, posterior third of tongue taste, carotid sinus and body; linked to glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN, Weisenberg syndrome) is a rare cranial neuralgia causing brief, severe unilateral pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils, usually over age 50, treated with carbamazepine or microvascular decompression.
Glossophobia
Glossophobia, or speech anxiety, is the fear of public speaking, from Greek glossa (tongue) and phobo (fear). Affects 21–33% of community samples, usually begins in adolescence, and is treated with exposure-based CBT, beta-blockers, or VR exposure therapy.
Glossopleura
Glossopleura Poulsen 1927 is an extinct dolichometopid trilobite genus (Corynexochida) from the middle Cambrian of North and South America; type species G. boccar, over 50 mostly synonymous species, gives its name to the Glossopleura Zone.
Glossopteris
Glossopteris, an extinct Permian seed-fern genus of Gondwana with reticulate-veined strap leaves, heavy seeds, and coal-swamp habitat; key fossil evidence for continental drift, extinct by the Triassic.
Glossosomatidae
Glossosomatidae, the saddle-case maker caddisflies (Trichoptera, superfamily Glossosomatoidea), is a family established by Wallengren in 1891 with type genus Glossosoma; larvae build tortoise-shell stone cases and graze periphyton in streams.
Gloster Gladiator
The Gloster Gladiator, a British biplane fighter built by the Gloster Aircraft Company, entered RAF service in 1937 as the last biplane and first enclosed-cockpit RAF fighter.
Gloster Javelin
The Gloster Javelin was a twin-engined, T-tailed delta-wing interceptor serving Britain's Royal Air Force from 1956 to 1968, the last design to bear the Gloster name.
Gloster Meteor
The Gloster Meteor was a twin-engine jet fighter built by Gloster for the RAF, first flying in 1943 and the only Allied jet to see combat in the Second World War.
Glottal stop
The glottal stop, also called the voiceless glottal plosive, is a speech sound written [ʔ] in the IPA, made by briefly closing the vocal folds.
Gloucester
Gloucester, cathedral city in Gloucestershire, south west England, on the River Severn; Roman colonia Glevum, site of the 1643 Civil War siege, Gloucester Cathedral, and major regeneration projects.
Gloucester Candlestick
The Gloucester Candlestick is a twelfth-century English cast-metal altar candlestick made for St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester between 1107 and 1113, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Gloucester Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral, formerly the Abbey of St Peter, is the Church of England cathedral of Gloucester, known for its Perpendicular Gothic architecture, its cloister's earliest fan vaulting, and the tomb of King Edward II.
Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States
Gloucester County, New Jersey: county founded May 28, 1686, named for Gloucestershire, England; county seat Woodbury; 24 municipalities; 2020 population 302,294; on the Delaware River opposite Philadelphia.
Gloucester Rugby
Gloucester Rugby, the Cherry & Whites, English rugby union club founded 1873, playing at Kingsholm Stadium in the Premiership; owned by Martin St Quinton, with Chris Boyd as Technical Director from 2026.
Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester, Massachusetts, on Cape Ann 27 miles northeast of Boston, is America's oldest commercial fishing port, settled in 1623 by the Dorchester Company, incorporated as a town in 1642 and a city in 1873, population about 30,000.
Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire, an English county of 1,025 square miles at the northern edge of the southwest region. Its county council dates from 1889; from 1 April 2028 a single unitary Gloucestershire Council with 110 councillors replaces it and six district councils, though the programme was paused in September 2026.
Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway
The Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway, trading as the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Steam Railway, is a volunteer-operated heritage railway running 14 miles through the Cotswolds between Cheltenham Racecourse and Broadway.