All articles starting with G
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Gona Ganna Reddy
Gona Ganna Reddy (గోన గన్నా రెడ్డి) was a feudatory general of the Kakatiya empress Rudrama Devi, ruling Vardhamanapura in the late thirteenth century and remembered as patron of the first Telugu Ramayana.
Gonad
Gonad: the gamete-producing reproductive gland, ovary (eggs) or testis (sperm); also an endocrine gland making sex hormones. Develops bipotential from the urogenital ridge; SRY triggers testis, Foxl2/Wnt4 the ovary.
Gonadal dysgenesis
Gonadal dysgenesis: defective gonad (ovary/testis) formation in differences of sex development, spanning 45,X Turner syndrome, 46,XX and 46,XY (Swyer syndrome) forms, and 45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis, with variable phenotypes and tumor risk.
Gonadarche
Gonadarche: reactivation of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator at puberty onset, causing gonadal maturation and sex steroid secretion; first sign is thelarche in girls, testicular enlargement (≥4 mL) in boys; distinct from adrenarche.
Gonadectomy
Gonadectomy is the surgical removal of the gonads, the ovaries (ovariectomy) or testes (orchiectomy), eliminating sex hormone production in laboratory mice and rats, a foundational manipulation of endocrine and reproductive biology.
Gonadorelin
Gonadorelin is the International Nonproprietary Name for synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, also called LHRH), the hypothalamic decapeptide that triggers release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary.
Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins: FSH, LH, and hCG glycoprotein hormones of the reproductive axis, used as urinary or recombinant drugs for ovulation induction and IVF ovarian stimulation, with comparable efficacy between preparation types.
Gonadotropin deficiency
Gonadotropin deficiency (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, ICD-11 5A61.2): deficient pituitary LH and FSH, or hypothalamic GnRH, causing hypogonadism; congenital (Kallmann syndrome) or acquired forms, treatable with hormone or gonadotropin therapy.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, formerly LHRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide that drives pituitary LH and FSH release; pulsatile secretion stimulates, continuous exposure inhibits, enabling agonist and antagonist drugs.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
GnRH agonists (leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, buserelin, nafarelin, histrelin) are D-amino-acid-substituted GnRH decapeptide analogs that flare then suppress pituitary gonadotropins, used for prostate cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and precocious puberty.
Gonatodes
Gonatodes, American bent-toed or padless geckos (Fitzinger, 1843), a monophyletic Sphaerodactylidae genus of small, mostly diurnal geckos from Mexico to Brazil, Bolivia, and the Caribbean; about 35 species, Oligocene-early Miocene diversification, sister genus Lepidoblepharis.
Gonatopus (wasp)
Gonatopus (Ljungh, 1810) is a genus of pincer wasps (Dryinidae, Gonatopodinae), third most diverse in the family with 441 species, whose females parasitize and host-feed on leafhoppers and planthoppers worldwide.
Gonbad-e Qābus
Gonbad-e Qābus (برج گنبد قابوس), a 52–53 m brick tomb tower in Gonbad-e Qabus, Iran, built 1006/7 for Ziyarid ruler Qābus b. Vošmgir; earliest and tallest of its type, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2012.
Gonçalo Abecasis
Gonçalo Abecasis is a Portuguese-born statistical geneticist and University of Michigan biostatistics professor, known for the gene-mapping software Merlin and METAL and leading genomics at Regeneron.
Gonçalo Bernardes
Gonçalo Bernardes is a Portuguese chemical biologist, Professor of Chemical Biology at the University of Cambridge, known for site-selective protein modification and targeted cancer therapeutics, and co-founded four companies.
Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
Gonçalo Castelo-Branco is a Swedish and Portuguese glial cell biologist, born in 1976, who is Professor of Glial Cell Biology at Karolinska Institutet and studies oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis.
Gonçalo Guedes
Gonçalo Guedes, born 1996 in Benavente, Portugal, is a Portuguese winger for Real Sociedad whose goal won the 2023 UEFA Nations League final for Portugal.
Gonçalo Oliveira (footballer)
Gonçalo Calisto de Oliveira (born 2006) is a Portuguese left-footed centre-back who came through Benfica's academy from 2012, captained its U19s to the 2025/26 UEFA Youth League semifinals, and joined Rennes in June 2026 for about €3.5 million.
Gonçalo Ramos
Gonçalo Matias Ramos (born 2001, Olhão) is a Portuguese striker for AC Milan and Portugal, formerly of Benfica and PSG; famous for his 2022 World Cup hat-trick against Switzerland replacing Ronaldo.
Gonçalo Saraiva Matias
Gonçalo Saraiva Matias is a Portuguese politician serving as Minister Adjunct and for State Reform in the XXV Constitutional Government, whose portfolio covers governance, institutional modernization, and digital transformation.
Gonçalves de Magalhães
Gonçalves de Magalhães, full name Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães, was a Brazilian poet, physician, and diplomat whose 1836 Suspiros poéticos e saudades founded Brazilian Romanticism.
Gonçalves Dias
Gonçalves Dias (Antônio Gonçalves Dias; 1823–1864) was a Brazilian Romantic poet, playwright, and ethnologist, the leading Indianist poet and author of "Canção do exílio"; he is patron of chair 15 of the Academia Brasileira de Letras.
Gond kingdom of Garha-Mandla
The Gond kingdom of Garha-Mandla (गोंड राज्य), also called Garha-Katanga, ruled around Mandla and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh from about 1300 to 1789, and is best known for Rani Durgavati.
Gond painting
Gond painting is a painting tradition of the Gond tribal communities of central India, known for animals and deities filled with dots, dashes, and rhythmic lines.
Gonda
Gonda (गोण्डा) is a district in Devipatan Division, Uttar Pradesh, India, headquarters at Gonda city. Area 4,003 sq km; 2011 population 3,405,376; four tehsils; Ghaghra and Saryu rivers; sugar industry.
Gondar
Gondar (ጎንደር, Gonder), a city in North Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, made permanent capital by Emperor Fasilides in 1636; home to Fasil Ghebbi, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.
Gondarine art
Gondarine art is the Ethiopian Christian painting, icon work, and manuscript illumination that flourished at the imperial capital of Gondar from the 1630s into the nineteenth century.
Gondarine royal establishment
The Gondarine royal establishment was the fixed court of Ethiopia's Solomonic emperors, established when Fasilides made Gondar the permanent capital in 1636, centered on the Fasil Ghebbi compound.
Gondhal
Gondhal (गोंधळ) is a 2025 Marathi drama thriller by Santosh Davakhar about bride Suman exploiting the Gondhal ritual during a wedding night; India's official entry to the 99th Academy Awards.
Gondi people
Gondi people (Gonds), one of the largest tribal groups of central and south India, mostly Scheduled Tribe under Article 342; speak Dravidian Gondi; historic Gondwana kingdoms; agrarian, forest-dependent livelihoods.