All articles starting with G
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Governing law of arbitration agreements
The governing law of an arbitration agreement is the national law that decides its validity, formation, and waiver, distinct from both the main contract and the law of the seat.
Governing Senate
The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат) was the Russian Empire's highest institution for legislation, administration, and justice, founded by Peter I in 1711 and abolished by the Bolsheviks in 1917.
Government
Government: the organization that leads, protects, and governs a political unit. Also called regime or state form; classified as democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, dictatorship, or authoritarianism, and federal versus unitary.
Government Accountability Office
Government Accountability Office (GAO, formerly General Accounting Office until 2004) is the independent, nonpartisan legislative-branch audit agency of the U.S. Congress, headed by the Comptroller General with a 15-year nonrenewable term; it issues the Yellow Book audit standards, the High Risk List, and fraud and improper payment estimates.
Government agency
Government agency: an administrative organization of nonelected officials implementing policy. Also called administrative agency or bureaucracy. Distinguished by delegated execution, regulator governance data, and autonomy-accountability trade-offs.
Government AI fellowship schemes
Government AI fellowship schemes are state-funded awards paying AI researchers to train or work at universities and public institutions, such as the UK's Turing AI Fellowships.
Government bans on DeepSeek (2025)
Government bans on DeepSeek were 2025 restrictions by Italy, Australia, Taiwan, South Korea, the Netherlands, and Germany on the Chinese AI chatbot, citing data protection or national security.
Government bond
Government bond: a debt security issued by a national government, also called sovereign debt, promising principal repayment at maturity plus coupon interest. About $100 trillion global market; lowest credit risk in-country; Venice issued the first bonds in 1171.
Government budget
A government budget, also known as a state or public budget, is a government's annual plan stating how much revenue it will raise and spend, and on what.
Government budget balance
The government budget balance, also called the fiscal balance, is a government's total revenue minus total expenditure over a period, positive in net lending and negative in net borrowing.
Government budget constraint
The government budget constraint is the macroeconomic identity that government spending and interest must be financed by taxes, borrowing, or money creation, year by year.
Government cheese
Government cheese: USDA-purchased American cheese distributed to low-income Americans, iconic 1980s 5-pound blocks from dairy price support surpluses; TEFAP distribution, 2014 Farm Act repeal, 2016 $20 million buyback.
Government Cheese (TV series)
Government Cheese is a 2025 Apple TV+ surrealist family comedy-drama created by Paul Hunter and Aeysha Carr, starring David Oyelowo as ex-convict Hampton Chambers in 1969 San Fernando Valley; ten episodes aired April 16 to May 28, 2025.
Government Code and Cypher School
Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), founded 1 November 1919 as Britain's peacetime signals intelligence agency under Alastair Denniston; based at Bletchley Park in World War II, broke Enigma, renamed GCHQ in 1946.
Government Communications Security Bureau
Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB, Te Tira Tiaki), New Zealand's signals intelligence and cyber security agency, founded 1977, statutory from 2003, Five Eyes member, overseen under the Intelligence and Security Act 2017.
Government debt
Government debt, also called sovereign or public debt, is the total a government owes lenders, built up by selling bills and bonds to cover deficits.
Government Delegate for Poland
The Government Delegate for Poland (Delegat Rządu na Kraj) was the head of the Delegatura, the secret civil administration that Poland's government-in-exile maintained in occupied Poland from 1940 to 1945.
Government Delegation for Poland
The Government Delegation for Poland (Delegatura) was the clandestine representation of the Polish government-in-exile in occupied Poland from 1940 to 1945, leading the civil branch of the Polish Underground State.
Government Financing
Government financing: also called public financing or federal aid, the organized methods by which governments cover deficits and deliver assistance through grants, subsidies, loans, and guarantees, as defined by IMF GFS and MeSH.
Government General Hospital
Government General Hospital (Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital), Chennai: public teaching hospital founded 16 November 1664 for East India Company soldiers, attached to Madras Medical College since 1835, treating about 12,000 patients daily.
Government grant (accounting)
A government grant in accounting is a transfer of resources from a government to an entity in return for meeting conditions, recognized under IAS 20 in IFRS.
Government Junta of Chile (1810)
The Government Junta of Chile (Junta de Gobierno de Chile) was a governing body elected in Santiago on 18 September 1810, Chile's first autonomous government and first step toward independence.
Government Junta of Iquique
The Government Junta of Iquique, or Junta de Gobierno de Iquique, was the provisional government the Chilean congressionalists set up in Iquique on 12 April 1891 during the civil war against President Balmaceda.
Government monopoly on salt and iron
The government monopoly on salt and iron (盐铁官营) was a Han dynasty policy, established under Emperor Wu, giving the state revenue from salt and iron.
Government of Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం)
Government of Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం), the state government of India's first Telugu linguistic state, formed 1956, bifurcated 2014; bicameral legislature, Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu, capital Amaravati.
Government of Bangladesh
Government of Bangladesh: unitary parliamentary republic under the Constitution, with an elected President, Prime Minister-led Cabinet, 350-member Jatiya Sangsad, caretaker election system (1996-2011, restored 2025), and Yunus-led interim government since 2024.
Government of Canada
Government of Canada: the federal government of Canada, a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary Westminster-style federal democracy under the Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, headed by King Charles III with a Governor General, a 105-member Senate, and a 343-seat elected House of Commons.
Government of Carpatho-Ukraine
The Government of Carpatho-Ukraine (Карпатська Україна) was the executive body of the short-lived Carpatho-Ukrainian state, headed by Avgustyn Voloshyn, independent on 15 March 1939 before Hungarian occupation.
Government of China
Government of China (Central People's Government, 中华人民共和国中央人民政府) is the state administration of the PRC: a Leninist party-state led by the Communist Party, headed nationally by the State Council under Premier Li Qiang, overseen in name by the NPC.
Government of Croatia
Government of the Republic of Croatia (Vlada Republike Hrvatske), Croatia's executive body headed by the Prime Minister, responsible to the Sabor; led by Andrej Plenković since 2016, with 15 governments since 1990.