All articles starting with G
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Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta) was the autonomous Finnish state within the Russian Empire, 1809–1917, under the tsar as Grand Duke, with its own Senate, Diet, currency, and army, ending in the 1917 declaration of independence.
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen, Hesse and by Rhine, Hesse-Darmstadt): German state 1806–1918, created from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806, gained Rheinhessen, adopted an 1820 constitution, joined the German Empire 1871, became the People's State of Hesse in 1918.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Magnus Ducatus Lithuaniae): Baltic-to-Black Sea state from the 13th century to 1795, Christianized 1387, united with Poland in the 1569 Commonwealth.
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, known as Muscovy, was a Russian state centered on Moscow that grew from a minor principality into northeastern Rus's political and religious center.
Grand Duchy of Posen
The Grand Duchy of Posen (Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie) was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia, created in 1815 from the western Duchy of Warsaw.
Grand Duchy of Ruthenia
The Grand Duchy of Ruthenia (Велике князівство Руське) was a proposed Cossack state planned in 1658 by the Treaty of Hadiach as a third, equal member of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana), Italian state created by Pope Pius V in 1569 under Cosimo I de' Medici, ruled by the Medici then Habsburg-Lorraine, reformed under Peter Leopold, and annexed to Sardinia in 1860.
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Александр Михайлович, 1866–1933), grandson of Nicholas I, admiral, husband of Grand Duchess Xenia, and founder of Russia's first military aviation school at Sevastopol.
Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (Дмитрий Павлович)
Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (Дмитрий Павлович, 1891–1942), grandson of Alexander II, cousin of Nicholas II, Olympic equestrian (1912 Stockholm jumping), co-conspirator in Rasputin's 1916 murder, exiled to Persia, later Coco Chanel's lover and husband of Audrey Emery; died in Davos.
Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke George Alexandrovich (1871–1899), third son of Alexander III and brother of Nicholas II, was heir presumptive to the Russian throne; a tuberculosis patient at Abastumani, he died of pulmonary hemorrhage in 1899 and his remains were exhumed in 1994 for Romanov DNA identification.
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (Georgiy Mikhaylovich Romanov, born 1981, Madrid) is heir apparent to Maria Vladimirovna, disputed pretender head of the Russian Imperial House; also Prince of Prussia, former Norilsk Nickel executive, married to Victoria Romanovna.
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Великий князь Константин Николаевич)
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich (Великий князь Константин Николаевич, 1827–1892), second son of Nicholas I, general admiral and head of Russia's Naval Ministry 1855–1881, led the steam-fleet reform and Alexander II's Great Reforms.
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich (Михаил Александрович, 1878–1918), youngest brother of Tsar Nicholas II, named successor in the March 1917 abdication but deferred to a Constituent Assembly; murdered by Cheka agents in Perm, June 1918.
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich (Михаил Николаевич; 1832–1909), fourth son of Emperor Nicholas I, was viceroy of the Caucasus from 1862 to 1881 and chaired the State Council until 1905.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder (Николай Николаевич Старший) was a Russian grand duke and field marshal who commanded in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (Сергей Александрович; 1857–1905), fourth son of Alexander II, Governor-General of Moscow 1891–1905, first chairman of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, blamed for the Khodynka crush, assassinated by Ivan Kalyayev in the Kremlin.
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia (Владимир Александрович)
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (Владимир Александрович, 1847–1909), third son of Alexander II of Russia, commander of the Guards and St. Petersburg Military District, president of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, and figure blamed for Bloody Sunday 1905; ancestor of the Romanov claimant line.
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (Владимир Кириллович, 1917–1992), head of the exiled Russian Imperial House from 1938; last head in male line, father of claimant Maria Vladimirovna; married Leonida Bagration in 1948.
Grand Egyptian Museum (المتحف المصري الكبير)
Grand Egyptian Museum (المتحف المصري الكبير, GEM), museum at Giza near the pyramids, opened 1 November 2025 (public 4 November). Largest museum dedicated to one civilization; complete Tutankhamun collection, Khufu solar boat, Heneghan Peng design.
Grand Embassy of Peter the Great
Grand Embassy (Великое посольство), Peter I of Russia's 1697-1698 diplomatic mission to Western Europe, traveled incognito as Peter Mikhailov. It sought an anti-Turkish alliance, studied shipbuilding in Amsterdam and London, and instead laid the anti-Swedish alliance behind the Great Northern War.
Grand Erg Occidental
Grand Erg Occidental (al-ʿIrq al-Ḡarbī al-Kabīr), the Western Sand Sea, is an 80,000 km² erg of dunes in northern Algeria's Sahara, the smaller western counterpart of the Grand Erg Oriental.
Grand Erg Oriental
Grand Erg Oriental, or Great Eastern Erg, is a roughly 140,000 km2 Saharan sand sea mainly in Algeria, extending into Libya and Tunisia, with linear dunes over 100 m and star dunes over 300 m tall.
Grand Est
Grand Est (Grossa Oschta, Großer Osten) is a French administrative region created 1 January 2016 from Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine; INSEE code 44, about 5.56 million inhabitants, 57,000 km², borders four countries, and faces an Alsatian exit bid.
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), also called the Millennium Dam, is a hydropower dam on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia, inaugurated in 2025 as Africa's largest hydroelectric facility.
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute is the unresolved disagreement among Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan over filling and operating Ethiopia's dam on the Blue Nile, built starting in 2011.
Grand Farm
Grand Farm is a Fargo, North Dakota-based non-profit initiative, a subsidiary of Emerging Prairie, operating a 590-acre innovation campus near Casselton for testing autonomous and precision agriculture technologies.
Grand Festival
The Grand Festival (Гранд фестивал) is a biennial international folk music competition in Belgrade, organized by Grand Production as a contest for already famous singers rather than a talent show.
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Grand Forks, North Dakota: third-largest ND city (59,166 in 2020) on the Red River, home of the University of North Dakota, founded 1872 by Alexander Griggs, devastated by the 54.35-foot 1997 flood and rebuilt with major flood protection.
Grand Funk Railroad
Grand Funk Railroad, American hard rock band formed 1969 in Flint, Michigan by Mark Farner, Don Brewer, and Mel Schacher; sold out Shea Stadium in 1971 and hit number one in 1973 with "We're an American Band"; still touring as Brewer and Schacher's lineup.
Grand Galaxy Hotel (그랜드 갤럭시 호텔)
Grand Galaxy Hotel (그랜드 갤럭시 호텔) is an upcoming Netflix Korean mystery romantic fantasy series about a hotel for dead souls, written by the Hong Sisters, directed by Oh Choong-hwan, starring Lee Do-hyun and Shin Si-a, with no announced release date.