All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Gray cast iron
Gray cast iron, also called flake graphite iron, is a cast iron with 2.5 to 4 percent carbon as graphite flakes, used for engine blocks and machine bases.
Gray catbird
Gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), a slaty-gray Mimidae songbird of North American thickets with a black cap, chestnut undertail patch, catlike mew call, and long mimicking song; about 29 million birds, IUCN Least Concern.
Gray code
Gray code, also known as reflected binary code, is an ordering of binary numbers in which successive values differ in exactly one bit, useful in rotary encoders.
Gray Davis
Gray Davis (Joseph Graham Davis Jr., born 1942) is the American Democrat who served as California's 37th governor, 1999 to 2003, the only California governor removed by recall, replaced by Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2003.
Gray fox
Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), tree-climbing canid from Canada to South America, the most basal living canid. Grizzled gray coat, black-tipped tail, 8-12 lb; declining in the US Midwest amid coyote expansion, Threatened in Canada.
Gray goo
Gray goo, also spelled grey goo, is a hypothetical doomsday scenario in which self-replicating nanorobots multiply out of control and consume all material on Earth. Eric Drexler proposed it in 1986.
Gray H. Miller
Gray H. Miller, also known as Gray Hampton Miller, is an American jurist who served as a United States district judge in Texas from 2006 to 2025.
Gray Matter (film)
Gray Matter (2023) is an American sci-fi thriller directed by Meko Winbush, the Project Greenlight season 5 film, starring Mia Isaac and Jessica Frances Dukes, released July 13, 2023 on Max; distinct from the 2023 British drama Grey Matter.
Gray Maynard
Gray Maynard, nicknamed "The Bully", is a retired American mixed martial artist who fought in the UFC from 2007 to 2018 and twice challenged for the lightweight title.
Gray molasses
Gray molasses is a sub-Doppler laser cooling technique that combines Sisyphus-type optical pumping with coherent dark states, important for cooling lithium, potassium, sodium, and molecules.
Gray Newell
Gray Newell (born 1997) is an American racing driver, son of Valve co-founder Gabe Newell, racing for the Heart of Racing Team in the FIA WEC LMGT3 class with Aston Martin, after SRO America GT4 and GT3 competition.
Gray Oak Oil Pipeline
The Gray Oak Pipeline is an 850-mile Enbridge-operated crude oil pipeline carrying Permian Basin and Eagle Ford crude to Corpus Christi, Freeport, and Houston, started up in 2019.
Gray platelet syndrome
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS, alpha storage pool deficiency) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by NBEAL2 mutations, causing macrothrombocytopenia, absent platelet alpha-granules, gray platelets on smear, myelofibrosis, and splenomegaly.
Gray whale
Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), a North Pacific baleen whale with eastern and western populations; eastern stock migrates ~10,000 miles between Baja California and the Arctic, was delisted in 1994, and fell to about 13,000 whales after the 2019-2023 unusual mortality event.
Gray wolf optimizer
The gray wolf optimizer is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili, Mirjalili, and Lewis in 2014, mimicking wolf pack hierarchy and hunting to minimize continuous optimization problems.
Gray-box model
A gray-box model (also spelled grey-box) is a mathematical model of a dynamical system combining physical structure with data-driven components, offering interpretability and accuracy on limited data.
Gray's Anatomy
Gray's Anatomy is the classic English anatomy reference, first published in London in 1858 as Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical by Henry Gray with Henry Vandyke Carter's illustrations; now in its 42nd edition (2020) from Elsevier, distinct from Gray's Anatomy for Students and the TV series.
Gray's Inn
Gray's Inn, formally the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, is the smallest of the four London Inns of Court, which alone may call barristers to the Bar of England and Wales.
Grayanotoxin
Grayanotoxin: Ericaceae-derived diterpene sodium-channel toxin causing mad honey poisoning, with bradycardia, hypotension, and vomiting; sources in Turkish and Nepali Rhododendron honey.
Graybar
Graybar Electric Company is an American employee-owned distributor of electrical, industrial, automation, and connectivity products, headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri, and one of North America's largest electrical distributors.
Graydon Carter
Graydon Carter is a Canadian-born magazine editor who co-founded Spy in 1986, edited Vanity Fair from 1992 to 2017, and in 2019 co-founded the digital weekly Air Mail with Alessandra Stanley, later acquired by Puck in 2025.
Graydon Creed
Graydon Creed is a Marvel Comics X-Men supervillain, the human son of mutants Sabretooth and Mystique, founder of the Friends of Humanity, a presidential candidate assassinated by Mystique, and president in X-Men '97.
Grays
Grays, historically Grays Thurrock, is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England, on the northern bank of the River Thames about 21 miles from London, and the largest town in the borough.
Grays Athletic F.C.
Grays Athletic F.C., the Blues or Gravelmen, is a fan-owned non-league football club formed 1890 in Grays, Essex, now ground-sharing in Tilbury; twice FA Trophy winners (2005, 2006) and first Conference South champions, returning to a owned Ship Lane ground.
Grayscale
Grayscale, also spelled greyscale, is a digital image type in which each pixel carries one intensity value rather than separate red, green, and blue components; 8-bit images have 256 levels.
Grayson Allen
Grayson Allen (born 1995) is an American NBA shooting guard, Duke alumnus and 2018 first-round pick who led the NBA in three-point percentage (46.1%) with Phoenix in 2023-24 and now plays for the Charlotte Hornets.
Grayson Boucher
Grayson Boucher, known as "The Professor," is an American streetball player who rose to fame on the AND1 Mixtape Tour in 2003 and later played for Ball Up.
Grayson County, Texas, United States
Grayson County, Texas, a north central Texas county on the Red River and Oklahoma border, seat at Sherman, created 1846 from Fannin County, home to Denison, Lake Texoma, and Eisenhower's birthplace.
Grayson Highlands State Park
Grayson Highlands State Park, originally Mount Rogers State Park, is a 4,520-acre Virginia park established in 1965 near Mount Rogers, with wild ponies, grassy balds, Appalachian Trail access, and over 96 campsites.
Grayson James
Grayson James, American college football quarterback; Duncanville HS, Texas; FIU 2021-2023 then Boston College 2024-2025; 4,740 career passing yards; 2026 NFL Draft UDFA projection.