All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency (glutathionuria, OMIM 231950) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive GGT1 enzyme defect causing high glutathione in plasma and urine, intellectual disability in most of about seven reported patients, and no specific treatment.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme mainly in the liver; its serum test is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of liver, bile duct, and alcohol-related injury.
Gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil
Gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil (GLASO, SONOVA) is a genetically engineered safflower seed oil from Arcadia Biosciences containing about 40% GLA, twice borage oil's level, granted FDA no-questions GRAS status as GRN 652 in 2016.
Gamma-oryzanol
Gamma-oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpene alcohols from rice bran oil, first isolated 1954; FDA GRAS (GRN 800, 2019); lipid and supplement evidence limited.
Gamma-ray burst
A gamma-ray burst is a brief, intense flash of gamma rays from explosions in distant galaxies; lasting milliseconds to minutes, they occur roughly once a day.
Gamma-ray detector
A gamma-ray detector is an instrument that measures the presence, intensity, and energy of gamma-ray photons, typically above 100 keV, by converting deposited energy into an electrical signal.
Gamma-ray imaging
Gamma-ray imaging is a set of techniques for mapping the direction, energy, and intensity of gamma rays, using coded masks, Compton telescopes, and pair-conversion telescopes.
Gamma-ray logging
Gamma-ray logging is a borehole geophysical method measuring gamma radiation in and around a drill hole, developed in the 1930s for uranium exploration and now among the most widely used well logs.
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R5
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related LGMD R5 (LGMD2C, gamma-sarcoglycanopathy) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy from SGCG mutations on 13q12, causing childhood-onset girdle weakness, calf hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and loss of ambulation in adolescence.
Gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1
Aph-1 (APH1A/APH1B) is the seven-transmembrane scaffolding subunit of the γ-secretase complex, identified in 2002 C. elegans screens; it stabilizes presenilin and nicastrin, and its isoforms yield six distinct complexes affecting Aβ length.
Gamma-terpinene
Gamma-terpinene (γ-terpinene), also known as p-mentha-1,4-diene, is a colorless monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon, C10H16, occurring widely in thyme, tea tree, citrus, and oregano oils, and serving as the biosynthetic precursor of thymol and carvacrol.
Gamma-valerolactone
Gamma-valerolactone (GVL, γ-valerolactone) is a water-miscible cyclic ester made from biomass-derived levulinic acid and used as a green solvent, fuel additive, and platform chemical for renewable fuels and polymers.
Gammalsvenskby
Gammalsvenskby (Staroshvedske, Alt-Schwedendorf), a village in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, founded 1782 by deported Dagö (Hiiumaa) Swedes; 1929 mass emigration to Sweden; destroyed by Russian attacks since 2022.
Gammaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria (g-proteobacteria) is a large class of Gram-negative Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota), Garrity et al. 2005, type genus Pseudomonas, about 250 genera, including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and purple sulfur bacteria; several classical orders are polyphyletic.
Gammaretrovirus
Gammaretrovirus, a Retroviridae genus of simple retroviruses (murine leukemia virus, feline leukemia virus, KoRV, GALV), with 8.3 kb gag-pro-pol-env genomes, SLC-family receptors, and vectors used for CAR-T gene therapy.
Gammaretrovirus murleu
Gammaretrovirus murleu, exemplar Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV, AF033811), is an ICTV gammaretrovirus species: 8.3 kb simple retroviral genome, C-type virions, T-cell leukemia in mice, dividing-cell-only vector prototype.
Gammarus
Gammarus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans, mostly freshwater and brackish-water scavengers that shred leaf litter in streams, widely used as sentinel organisms in aquatic ecotoxicology.
GAMMASPHERE
GAMMASPHERE is a 4π gamma-ray spectrometer with 110 Compton-suppressed germanium detectors, built by a US national laboratory consortium led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and dedicated in 1995.
Gammer
Gammer is the performance name of Matt Lee, an English electronic music producer and DJ from Northampton who emerged in the UK hardcore scene in 2002 as half of Dougal & Gammer.
Gammoid
A gammoid is a matroid defined from a directed graph: a vertex set whose independent subsets are those reachable by vertex-disjoint paths from a starting set.
Gammon (insult)
Gammon: British political insult, coined on Twitter around the 2017 election by Ben Davis, for flushed middle-aged white male Brexit or UKIP supporters; from the cured pork cut (Old French gambon, 'leg'), with older senses including nonsense talk and 'gammon-faced' insults dating to 1604.
Gammu Labyrinthus
Gammu Labyrinthus is a 115 km labyrinth terrain of dissected organic plateaux in Titan's south polar region, IAU-approved March 8, 2017 and named for the Dune-series planet Gammu, Giedi Prime after the fall of House Harkonnen.
Gamō Ujisato
Gamō Ujisato (蒲生氏郷; 1556–1595) was a Japanese warlord of the Sengoku period who served Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, becoming a Christian daimyo named Leon.
Gamont Labyrinthus
Gamont Labyrinthus, a 130-km-wide labyrinth terrain (complex of intersecting valleys) on Titan at 56.8°N, 75°W, IAU-approved March 1, 2017 and named after a Dune-series planet, the third planet of Niushe.
Gamora
Gamora, the deadliest woman in the galaxy, is a Marvel Comics assassin (first appearance 1975), adopted daughter of Thanos, and a Guardians of the Galaxy member played by Zoe Saldana in the MCU.
Gamora (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
Gamora (MCU) is the green-skinned assassin played by Zoe Saldaña from 2014's Guardians of the Galaxy onward, Thanos's adopted daughter, killed on Vormir for the Soul Stone, and replaced by a 2014 time-travel variant in later films.
Gamosa
The Gamosa (감사), formally the gwanchalsa, was the provincial governor of each of the eight provinces of Joseon Korea until abolition in the 1895 Gabo reforms.
Gamow (lunar crater)
Gamow is a 113.92 km impact crater on the far side of the Moon at 65.29°N, 144.65°E, IAU-approved in 1970 and named for physicist George Gamow (1904–1968); satellite craters Gamow A, B, U, V, Y.
Gamow factor
The Gamow factor, also called the Gamow–Sommerfeld factor, is the exponential in the probability that two charged nuclei tunnel through their Coulomb barrier, introduced by George Gamow in 1928.
Gampaha District
Gampaha District (ගම්පහ), Western Province, Sri Lanka; created September 1978 from northern Colombo District; area 1,387 km2; most populous district with 2,436,142 people at the 2024 census; 13 DS divisions, 1,177 GN divisions.