All articles starting with G
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Gulf of Honduras
The Gulf of Honduras, or Golfo de Honduras, is a broad embayment of the western Caribbean Sea where the coastlines of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras meet.
Gulf of Khambhat
Gulf of Khambhat (Gulf of Cambay), a funnel-shaped gulf of the Arabian Sea between Saurashtra and mainland Gujarat, India; semi-diurnal tides up to about 11 m, currents near 3 m/s, Narmada, Tapti, and Sabarmati river discharge, historic port of Cambay, and the proposed Kalpasar dam project.
Gulf of Kutch
Gulf of Kutch (Gulf of Kachchh), an Arabian Sea inlet in Gujarat, India, between Kutch and Saurashtra; 7,350 sq km, macrotidal, with India's first marine national park, northernmost coral reefs, and Kandla and Mundra ports.
Gulf of Lion
Gulf of Lion (golfe du Lion; ancient Sinus Gallicus), large NW Mediterranean bay on the French coast from Cape Creus to Marseille; broad shelf, submarine canyons, mistral winds, dense-water formation, 4,010 km² marine park.
Gulf of Maine
The Gulf of Maine is a semi-enclosed North Atlantic sea off New England and Nova Scotia, bounded by Georges Bank and Browns Bank, with basins to 350 m, a counterclockwise Labrador Current-driven gyre, and warming nearly three times the global ocean rate, anchoring the U.S. lobster fishery.
Gulf of Maine case
The Gulf of Maine case was a 1984 International Court of Justice ruling that drew a single maritime boundary dividing Canada and the United States in the Gulf of Maine.
Gulf of Mannar
The Gulf of Mannar is a shallow 10,500 km² bay between Tamil Nadu, India and Sri Lanka, part of the Laccadive Sea. A 1989 biosphere reserve and 2001 UNESCO MAB site with 21 coral islands, dugongs, and rich marine biodiversity.
Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR), India's first marine biosphere reserve, designated 1989 off Tamil Nadu; 21 coral islands, 1,050,000 ha, dugongs, coral reefs, Ramsar Site 2472, Vaan Island restoration.
Gulf of Martaban
The Gulf of Mottama, also known as the Gulf of Martaban, is a large muddy embayment in southern Myanmar where the Sittaung River meets the Andaman Sea.
Gulf of Masirah
The Gulf of Masirah is a shallow embayment of the Arabian Sea between Masirah Island and the Omani mainland, Oman's largest and one of its most biologically productive coastal waters.
Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (also officially styled Gulf of America by some U.S. agencies) is a 218,000-square-mile semi-enclosed Atlantic basin linked to the Caribbean by the Yucatan Channel, defined by the Loop Current, major hurricanes, and half of U.S. petroleum refining capacity.
Gulf of Mexico naming controversy
The Gulf of Mexico naming controversy began when President Trump signed Executive Order 14172 in 2025, directing federal agencies to call it the Gulf of America.
Gulf of Ob
Gulf of Ob (Обская губа), also Ob Bay, a ~850 km long estuary of the Ob River in the southern Kara Sea, Siberia; among the world's largest estuaries, receiving ~530 km³ freshwater yearly and hosting major Yamal LNG projects.
Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman, or Sea of Oman, is the 560-km-long arm of the Arabian Sea linking the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz to the Indian Ocean, a deep monsoon-driven basin with seasonal coastal hypoxia and major oil shipping routes.
Gulf of Papua
Gulf of Papua: large embayment on Papua New Guinea's south coast opening to the Coral Sea, fed by the Fly, Purari, and Kikori rivers; major tide-dominated deltaic clinoform with ~385 million tonnes of annual sediment input.
Gulf of Penas
Gulf of Penas (Golfo de Penas), an open Pacific gulf in Chile's Aysén Region at about 47°22'S, 74°50'W between Cabo Tres Montes and Cabo Mogotes; named by 1557 for stormy crossings, it overlies the Golfo de Penas-Taitao basin near the Chile Triple Junction.
Gulf of Salalah
The Gulf of Salalah is a broad embayment of the Arabian Sea on the southern coast of Oman's Dhofar governorate, fronting the Salalah plain and the Port of Salalah.
Gulf of Saros FSRU
The Gulf of Saros FSRU is a floating storage and regasification unit operated by Turkey's BOTAŞ at Keşan, Edirne Province, importing LNG since early 2023.
Gulf of Sidra (خليج سدرة)
Gulf of Sidra (Khalīj Surt, Gulf of Sirte) is a large Mediterranean embayment on Libya's central coast, 760 km between Misurata and Benghazi, ancient Syrtis Maior, site of Libya's 1973 Line of Death claim and 1981, 1986, and 1989 US-Libya incidents.
Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)
The Gulf of Sidra incident (1981), first of three US-Libya confrontations in the gulf: on August 19, 1981, F-14 Tomcats shot down two Libyan Su-22s during a freedom-of-navigation exercise, after the Su-22s fired first, amid Libya's 'Line of Death' waters claim.
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Gulf of St. Lawrence (Golfe du Saint-Laurent): semi-enclosed Canadian sea opening via Cabot Strait and Strait of Belle Isle; Magdalen Shallows under 80 m; ~15% of Canadian fish catch; sea ice, warming, Cartier 1534.
Gulf of St.Lawrence Coastal Drainages
Gulf of St.Lawrence Coastal Drainages, freshwater ecoregion 114 (FEOW), temperate coastal rivers in Quebec and Labrador; north-shore Gulf of St. Lawrence drainages from the Saguenay east, with Lake Manicouagan impact-crater lake and no endemic fishes.
Gulf of Suez
Gulf of Suez: northwestern arm of the Red Sea between Egypt and Sinai, head at Suez, linked to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal; a continental rift still widening 0.5 mm/year and an Egyptian oil province.
Gulf of Taranto
Gulf of Taranto (Golfo di Taranto), embayment of the northern Ionian Sea on southern Italy's instep, named for Taranto (ancient Taras, Spartan colony founded 706 BC); known for its Calabrian-arc tectonics, submarine geohazards, the Port of Taranto, and the Mar Grande SIN remediation site.
Gulf of Tehuantepec
Gulf of Tehuantepec (Golfo de Tehuantepec), Pacific embayment of southern Mexico between Oaxaca and Chiapas; famous for winter Tehuano gap winds through Chivela Pass that drive upwelling, 10 °C single-day SST drops, and mesoscale eddies.
Gulf of Thailand
Gulf of Thailand, formerly Gulf of Siam: semi-enclosed 320,000 km2 bay of the South China Sea bordered by Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Vietnam, up to 85 m deep, with monsoon-reversing circulation, major fisheries, and offshore oil and gas.
Gulf of Tomini
Gulf of Tomini (Teluk Tomini, Tomini Bay): deep semi-enclosed gulf between Sulawesi's northern and eastern arms, opening to the Moluku Sea; borders Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi; contains the Togean Islands and fisheries assessed under EAFM.
Gulf of Tonkin
Gulf of Tonkin (Vịnh Bắc Bộ; 北部湾, Beibu Gulf), a shallow semi-enclosed arm of the northwestern South China Sea between Vietnam and Hainan, China; about 128,800 km², delimited by a 2000 China–Vietnam agreement in force 2004, and a major shared fishery.
Gulf of Tonkin incident
Gulf of Tonkin incident (Sự kiện Vịnh Bắc Bộ): two reported August 1964 attacks on U.S. destroyers off North Vietnam; the August 2 Maddox attack was real, the August 4 attack never happened, and the resulting resolution authorized the Vietnam War.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (Southeast Asia Resolution, Public Law 88-408), the August 7, 1964 joint resolution authorizing President Johnson to take all necessary measures in Southeast Asia after reported attacks on the USS Maddox; it became the Vietnam War's legal basis and was repealed in 1971.