All articles starting with G
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Gymnasium at Akragas
Gymnasium at Akragas (Agrigento, Sicily): monumental Hellenistic-Roman athletic complex north of the Temple of Zeus, with 200 m race-track, pool, and palaestra; built 2nd century BC, remodeled under Augustus, abandoned c. AD 200-250.
Gymnasium at Corinth
Gymnasium at Corinth (ἀρχαῖον γυμνάσιον): ancient athletic-educational complex of Corinth, Greece, north of the theater; Roman building of the late 1st century AD, probably over Hellenistic and Classical predecessors, excavated since 1965 by the University of Texas and ASCSA.
Gymnasium at Delphi
Gymnasium at Delphi (Αρχαίο Γυμνάσιο): fourth-century BC Greek athletic and educational complex between the Castalia fountain and sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, with xystos, palaestra, and baths.
Gymnasium at Olympia
Gymnasium at Olympia: Hellenistic (2nd century BC) athlete training building northwest of the Altis by the Kladeos river, with a stade-length stoa matching the 185.15 m Stadium, xystos and paradromis tracks, and a Corinthian propylon; fully exposed by excavations begun in 2012.
Gymnasium-Robotics
Gymnasium-Robotics is an open-source Python library maintained by the Farama Foundation that provides robotics and goal-based reinforcement learning environments built on the Gymnasium API and MuJoCo physics simulator.
Gymnastics
Gymnastics, from Greek gymnos (naked), is a family of judged acrobatic sports governed by the FIG (founded 1881). Olympic since 1896; disciplines include artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline; scored on difficulty plus execution since 2006.
Gymnastics and dance at the World Games
Gymnastics and dance at the World Games includes disciplines like rhythmic, acrobatic, and dancesport, which are not on the Olympic program, and feature events like trampoline and tumbling.
Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2004 Athens Olympics covered artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline disciplines. Romania led artistic medals; Paul Hamm's all-around gold and the Nemov high-bar dispute triggered the open-ended scoring reform.
Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2008 Beijing Olympics: artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline at the National Indoor Stadium; first use of open-ended scoring; China won 9 artistic golds; He Kexin age controversy cleared by FIG.
Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics, held July-August 2021 at Tokyo's Ariake Gymnastics Centre, covered artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline disciplines; ROC won both team golds, Hashimoto and Lee took all-around titles, and Simone Biles withdrew citing mental health.
Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics (Paris 2024): artistic, rhythmic, and trampoline gymnastics at Bercy Arena, 27 July–5 August 2024, 43 medals; Biles's three-gold return, Oka and Yulo doubles, and the Chiles floor bronze reallocation case.
Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's floor
Women's floor exercise final, Paris 2024 Olympics, 5 August 2024: Rebeca Andrade won gold (14.166) over Simone Biles (14.133); Jordan Chiles's inquiry-based bronze was stripped by CAS and later appealed to the Swiss Federal Tribunal.
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre (gurmar), an Apocynaceae liana native to the Old World tropics; its gymnemic acids block the human sweet receptor T1R2+T1R3 for 30-60 minutes and it is studied, so far in low-quality trials, for blood glucose lowering.
Gymnobela
Gymnobela Verrill, 1884 is a genus of deep-sea sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae (Conoidea), described from the New England coast; a 2024 revision reassigned 16 of its species to other genera.
Gymnocarpium
Gymnocarpium, also known as the oak ferns, is a small genus of ferns with delicate triangular fronds, native to temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere and northwestern Africa.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, oak fern or northern oak fern, is a small circumboreal deciduous fern with triangular, ternate fronds under 40 cm and naked round sori; an allotetraploid of G. appalachianum × G. disjunctum, indicator of cool moist forests.
Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua, the ruffe or Eurasian ruffe (pope, blacktail), a small nocturnal percid fish native to Eurasia, introduced to Lake Superior by ballast water in the 1980s and an invasive competitor of yellow perch.
Gymnopédies
Gymnopédies: three 1888 slow piano pieces by Erik Satie, Lent et douloureux/triste/grave, Spartan-festival title, Debussy-orchestrated Nos. 1 and 3, Henle grade 2.
Gymnophthalmidae
Gymnophthalmidae, the microteiids or spectacled lizards, is a family of over 290 small Neotropical lizards endemic to the New World tropics, ranging from southern Mexico to central Argentina, with the Guiana Shield as inferred ancestral area.
Gymnopus dryophilus
Gymnopus dryophilus (russet toughshank, formerly Collybia dryophila) is a hygrophanous, white-gilled litter mushroom in Omphalotaceae, common in European and North American forests and known as a cryptic species complex.
Gymnoris dentata
Gymnoris dentata, the Sahel Bush Sparrow (formerly Petronia dentata, Bush Petronia), is a 13 cm granivorous Passeridae sparrow of dry acacia woodland in the Sahel and Afrotropics; sedentary, Least Concern, genus Gymnoris distinct from Petronia.
Gymnosperm
Gymnosperms (naked-seed plants): cycads, Ginkgo, conifers, and gnetophytes; seeds exposed on cones, not in fruits. About 1,100 species, mid-Devonian origin, Mesozoic dominance, taiga ecology, high extinction risk.
Gymnosperms area
Gymnosperms area (裸子植物区): a botanical garden section growing naked-seed plants such as conifers, cycads, ginkgo and Ephedra for display, education and ex situ conservation; examples range from Beijing's 2.3 ha, 60-species area to Kunming's 200-species collection.
Gymnosporangium
Gymnosporangium, a genus of rust fungi (Pucciniales) causing cedar-apple rust, alternates between juniper/Cupressaceae telial hosts and apple-tribe (Maleae) aecial hosts; now placed in Gymnosporangiaceae, with over 64 species and a 24-month two-host life cycle.
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, cedar-apple rust, is a heteroecious rust fungus alternating between junipers and apple-family hosts, producing orange gelatinous galls on cedar and leaf spots on apple.
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotiformes, commonly known as the electric eels and knifefishes, is an order of strictly freshwater Neotropical fishes that generate electric discharges and sense the world through them.
Gympass
Gympass is a corporate wellness platform founded in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2012 and headquartered in New York since 2018. It sells gym and wellbeing access to companies as an employee benefit.
Gymshark
Gymshark is a British direct-to-consumer fitness apparel brand founded in 2012 by Ben Francis in a Birmingham garage, known for influencer marketing, its 2020 General Atlantic investment valuing it over £1 billion, and Regent Street retail.
GYN-ART study
GYN-ART (NCT06306170) is an observational, single-site study at IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, evaluating toxicity and survival outcomes in 1,000 women with gynecologic cancer treated with IGRT, IMRT, or SBRT, distinct from the GynART 2011 EU funding effort.
Gynaecology
Gynaecology: medical and surgical care of disorders of the female reproductive system (ovaries, tubes, womb, cervix, vagina), paired with obstetrics; subspecialties include urogynaecology, reproductive medicine, colposcopy, and gynae-oncology.