All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIPAA (P.L. 104-191, 1996), the US health privacy and portability law: PHI, Privacy and Security Rules, breach notification, OCR penalties, HITECH/Omnibus changes, and 2024-2025 rulemaking.
Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (건강보험심사평가원, HIRA), South Korea's quasi-governmental agency established in 2000 that reviews NHI claims, assesses care quality, manages drug reimbursement, and provides claims data on about 46 million patients yearly for research.
Health Level 7
Health Level 7, also known as Health Level Seven, is a not-for-profit standards organization founded in 1987, best known for its Version 2 messaging standard and the FHIR framework for exchanging electronic health information.
Health Literacy
Health literacy: the ability to find, understand, and use health information and services, paired with organizational health literacy, the duty of organizations to enable it equitably; defined in Healthy People 2030.
Health Literacy Questionnaire
The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is a 44-item self-report survey measuring health literacy across nine dimensions, introduced in 2013 and used in over 100 countries.
Health maintenance organization
A health maintenance organization, or HMO, is a health insurance plan covering care from a network of contracted doctors, providing services for a fixed prepaid fee.
Health physics
Health physics, also called radiation protection, is the science of controlling ionizing radiation hazards. Born as a Manhattan Project code name under Herbert Parker, it spans dosimetry, dose limits, and the ALARA principle.
Health Physics Society
The Health Physics Society is an independent nonprofit organization of radiation safety specialists founded in 1956, headquartered in Herndon, Virginia, with about 4,400 members and 42 US chapters.
Health Planning
Health planning is the process by which governments and health authorities define a vision and organize resources to improve the equity, effectiveness, and efficiency of health systems.
Health policy
Health policy: government decisions on organizing, financing, and regulating health services, also known as universal health coverage (UHC) policy. Distinguished by WHO's primary health care approach, SDG target 3.8, Alma-Ata 1978 and Astana 2018 milestones, and OECD performance assessment frameworks.
Health Priorities
Health Priorities: preferentially rated health-related activities used in establishing health planning goals (MeSH D006292, entry term Priorities, Health). Covers priority setting in national health planning, criteria such as cost-effectiveness and equity, and ethics.
Health professional
Health professional: a trained, licensed provider of health services (physician, nurse, midwife, pharmacist, allied health). WHO defines health workers as all people engaged in enhancing health; 11 million projected shortfall by 2030, 67% women.
Health protection
Health protection: public health function safeguarding populations against external threats via government policy, regulation, and law; includes IHR, PHEIC alerts, emergency preparedness, and environmental and occupational risk control.
Health Protection Agency
Health Protection Agency (HPA), Maldives' national public health agency under the Ministry of Health, formed under the Public Health Protection Act; handles disease surveillance, immunization, IHR focal point duties, JEE 2024, NAPHS, and NHEROP emergency planning.
Health psychology
Health psychology is the field of psychology that examines how biological, psychological, and social factors shape health and illness, and applies this to promoting health and improving care.
Health Resorts
Health resorts are places people visit for restorative getaways, equipped with therapeutic services and facilities; the category spans mineral-spring spas, thermal-bath towns, and medical spas.
Health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome
The health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome include infertility, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression, driven largely by insulin resistance.
Health savings account
A health savings account (HSA) is a US tax-advantaged trust for medical expenses, available to people with high-deductible health plans, with tax-free withdrawals and balances that carry over indefinitely.
Health Sciences University
Health Sciences University (HSU), formerly AECC University College and the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, is a specialist health sciences university in Bournemouth, London, and Reading, renamed in 2024, with clinics, NHS imaging partnerships, and a Solent-awarded PhD.
Health security
Health security: policy concept covering protection of populations from epidemics, disasters, and biological, chemical, and nuclear accidents; frameworks include the IHR, GHSA, and JEE; flagship journal Health Security (ISSN 2326-5094), renamed from Biosecurity and Bioterrorism in 2015.
Health Services
Health services: organized services for diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance of health (MeSH D006296, 1974). Covers service delivery sub-functions, access dimensions, history from Alma-Ata 1978, and OECD/WHO performance assessment.
Health Services Administration
Health services administration is the organization and management of people, institutions, and resources delivering health care, classified in health accounts as HC.7.1 governance and administration, with graduate education dating to 1934.
Health Services Research (concept)
Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field studying how social factors, financing systems, organizations, technologies, and behaviors affect access to, quality, and cost of health care.
Health services research (institution)
Health Services Research (HSR), bimonthly US journal founded 1966, official journal of the Association for Health Services Research, ISSN 0017-9124, covering healthcare delivery, quality, financing, and outcomes; NLM ID 0053006.
Health Status
Health status: the level of health of an individual, group, or population (MeSH D006304), assessed subjectively or objectively. Measured via self-rated health, indicators like mortality and morbidity, and instruments such as SF-36 and EQ-5D.
Health system
Health system: the organizations, institutions, resources and people whose primary purpose is to improve health. Covers WHO's six building blocks, Beveridge/Bismarck/NHI/out-of-pocket financing models, UHC gaps (4.6 billion under-covered), and cross-country performance controversies.
Health threat from cosmic rays
The health threat from cosmic rays is the risk space radiation poses to astronauts outside Earth's protective magnetic field, including cancer, nervous system damage, and cataracts.
Health Utilities Index
The Health Utilities Index (HUI) is a family of questionnaires that classify health status and convert responses into a utility score from 0.00 (dead) to 1.00 (perfect health).
Health Workforce
Health workforce: the availability, supply, demand, distribution and utilization of health personnel (MeSH D006280; also health and care workforce). WHO estimated an 18 million health worker shortfall toward universal health coverage by 2030.
HealthBench
HealthBench is an open medical benchmark released by OpenAI in May 2025, measuring how language models handle realistic health conversations graded against rubrics written by 262 physicians.