All articles starting with H
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Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus (Paris gr. 510)
The Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus, also known as Paris gr. 510, is a ninth-century illuminated Byzantine manuscript of Gregory's forty-four orations, made in Constantinople between 879 and 883.
Homing and trail-following in gastropods
Homing and trail-following in gastropods is the return of snails and limpets to fixed home refuges and their tracking of mucus trails, based on chemical detection of pedal mucus.
Homing endonuclease
Homing endonuclease, also called meganuclease: intron- or intein-encoded site-specific nuclease (families LAGLIDADG, HNH, GIY-YIG, His-Cys box, PD-(D/E)XK) that drives selfish DNA homing via double-strand breaks; used in genome editing, gene therapy, and vector control.
Homing pigeon
Homing pigeon (Columba livia domestica), domesticated bird bred to return to its loft from distant release points; navigates with sun compass, magnetic compass, and olfactory map; long used for military messaging.
Hominidae
Hominidae (great apes), family of primates including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans; formerly humans only, with other apes in Pongidae; Miocene fossil record, African or Eurasian origins debated.
Homininae
Homininae (African apes), subfamily of Hominidae named by Gray 1825, contains Gorilla, Pan, and Homo; sister to Ponginae (orangutans), divided into tribes Gorillini, Panini, Hominini, with human-chimp-gorilla divergences dated roughly 4-12 Mya.
Hominini
Hominini (hominins) is the tribe containing humans and fossil taxa closer to humans than to chimpanzees (Pan); divergence about 6 Ma; includes Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Homo; scope of Pan inclusion disputed.
Hominy
Hominy: dried corn kernels treated with an alkali (lye or limewater) via nixtamalization, removing the hull; the Nahuatl-derived nixtamal. Basis of pozole, menudo, grits, and masa; adds calcium and improves niacin bioavailability.
Hommel (lunar crater)
Hommel, large eroded pre-Nectarian lunar impact crater in the southeast highlands at 54.74 S, 32.93 E, diameter 113.60 km, IAU-named 1935 for German astronomer Johann Hommel.
Homo
Homo is the human genus, sole surviving member Homo sapiens, spanning ~2–3 million years with about fifteen proposed species including H. erectus, H. habilis, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis, and H. naledi.
Homo antecessor
Homo antecessor, an extinct Early Pleistocene human species from Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain, named in 1997; oldest known Western European hominin (~800,000 years), with evidence of cannibalism and a proteome placing it as sister to the Neanderthal-modern human ancestor.
Homo Argentum
Homo Argentum is a 2025 Argentine anthology comedy by Mariano Cohn and Gastón Duprat, starring Guillermo Francella in 16 roles satirizing Argentine identity; a box-office hit that drew praise from President Javier Milei and criticism from opponents.
Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (ההיסטוריה של המחר)
Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (ההיסטוריה של המחר) is Yuval Noah Harari's 2015 sequel to Sapiens, arguing AI and biotechnology may uncouple intelligence from consciousness, replace humanism with the religion of Dataism, and create a useless class.
Homo economicus
Homo economicus, or rational economic man, is a model in economics of a rational, self-interested individual who maximizes utility, central to neoclassical microeconomics and traced to John Stuart Mill in 1836.
Homo erectus
Homo erectus, also called Java Man or Peking Man, is an extinct human species living about 1.89 million to 110,000 years ago, the first known to leave Africa, with Acheulean handaxes and debated fire use.
Homo ergaster
Homo ergaster is the name many paleoanthropologists give early African Homo erectus, about 2.0 to 1.4 million years ago, the first humans with modern body proportions, known from Turkana Boy, Acheulean tools, and debated fire use.
Homo floresiensis
Homo floresiensis, the "hobbit", an extinct small-brained human species found only at Liang Bua cave, Flores, Indonesia; discovered 2003, LB1 female 106 cm tall, 417 cm3 brain, lived about 100,000-50,000 years ago.
Homo habilis
Homo habilis, "handy man," an early human species of eastern and southern Africa, 2.4–1.4 million years ago; named 1964 by Leakey, Tobias, and Napier from Olduvai Gorge fossils; debated placement in genus Homo.
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo heidelbergensis, an extinct archaic human species named after the 1907 Mauer jaw near Heidelberg, lived about 700,000–200,000 years ago in Africa and Europe; debated ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans.
Homo homini lupus
Homo homini lupus, "man is a wolf to man", a Latin proverb from Plautus' Asinaria line 495, first attested in short form in Erasmus' Adagia and popularized by Hobbes in De Cive (1642) to describe violent human relations.
Homo juluensis
Homo juluensis (巨颅, "large head people"), a proposed archaic human species named by Bae and Wu in 2024 from Xujiayao (holotype) and Xuchang (paratype) fossils in China, with a contested hypodigm including Denisovans.
Homo Ludens
Homo Ludens (1938), Johan Huizinga's study of the play-element in culture; source of the magic circle concept, definition of play, and founding text of game studies, contrasted with Caillois.
Homo luzonensis
Homo luzonensis, or Callao Man, is an extinct small-bodied human species from Callao Cave, Luzon, Philippines, named in 2019; 13 fossils show australopithecine-like hands and feet, modern-like teeth, and dates revised to about 134,000 years.
Homo naledi
Homo naledi ("star" in Sesotho) is an extinct small-brained Homo species from the Rising Star cave system, South Africa, discovered 2013, over 1,550 fossils, dated 335,000-236,000 years ago; deliberate burial claims remain contested.
HOMO–LUMO gap
The HOMO–LUMO gap is the energy difference between a molecule's highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, marking its lowest possible electronic excitation and the light wavelengths it absorbs.
Homoallylic alcohol
A homoallylic alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl group one methylene away from its alkene, widely used in synthesis and found in macrolides and polyether antibiotics.
Homochirality
Homochirality, or biochirality, is the preference of living systems for one mirror-image molecular form, using L-amino acids in proteins and D-sugars in DNA and RNA.
Homocitrate synthase
Homocitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.14, HCS; yeast Lys20/Lys21) catalyzes 2-oxoglutarate plus acetyl-CoA to homocitrate, the first committed step of fungal lysine biosynthesis, feedback inhibited by lysine and an antifungal and metabolic-engineering target.
Homoclinic orbit
A homoclinic orbit is a trajectory of a dynamical system that approaches the same equilibrium as time tends to both plus and minus infinity, first identified by Henri Poincaré.
Homocoupling
Homocoupling is a chemical reaction in which two identical molecules or fragments are joined into a larger compound, most often a symmetric biaryl from two aryl halides.