All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
Hybrid martial arts
Hybrid martial arts, also called hybrid fighting systems, integrate striking, clinch and throws, and ground grappling into a single system, overlapping with but broader than MMA.
Hybrid Memory Cube
The Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) is a three-dimensional stacked DRAM device developed by Micron Technology, announced with IBM in 2011, used in Fujitsu supercomputers, and discontinued in 2018.
Hybrid model predictive control
Hybrid model predictive control (HMPC) applies model predictive control to hybrid systems that mix continuous dynamics with discrete events such as switches, mode changes, and contact, and is used in legged robots and process industries.
Hybrid open-access journal
Hybrid open-access journal: a subscription journal where authors pay an APC (typically ~$3,000) to make individual articles open access. Known for double-dipping criticism, Plan S restrictions, and growth from 2,000 to 10,000 journals (2009-2016).
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite
A hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) is a crystalline perovskite material with organic components, first structurally characterized in 1978 and best known as the basis of perovskite solar cells.
Hybrid rail
Hybrid rail describes railway vehicles combining two or more power sources, usually a diesel generator and rechargeable battery, feeding electric traction motors to save fuel.
Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification
Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification is an optical amplification scheme that combines a distributed Raman amplifier with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, improving receiver sensitivity by roughly 7 dB.
Hybrid recommender system
A hybrid recommender system is a recommender that combines multiple recommendation techniques to produce its output, most often mixing collaborative filtering with content-based methods to overcome cold-start problems.
Hybrid regime
Hybrid regime: political regime combining democratic institutions, especially elections, with authoritarian practices; also called electoral autocracy or competitive authoritarianism (Levitsky & Way, 2002); EIU classifies it as a distinct category between flawed democracies and authoritarian regimes.
Hybrid Renal Replacement Therapy
Hybrid renal replacement therapy (SLED, PIRRT, extended daily dialysis) combines CRRT-like slow solute and fluid removal with intermittent hemodialysis equipment; trials show mortality and hemodynamic outcomes comparable to CRRT at lower cost.
Hybrid repair
Hybrid repair is a vascular surgical technique that combines open debranching of aortic branch vessels with endovascular stent-graft exclusion of the aneurysm, avoiding parts of full open repair.
Hybrid rice
Hybrid rice: F1 rice from crosses of distinct parents exploiting heterosis, developed in China from Yuan Longping's 1960 work; three-line CMS, two-line EGMS, and third-generation GMS systems cover about half of China's rice area.
Hybrid routing
Hybrid routing is a class of routing techniques in computer networks that combines distance-vector and link-state, or proactive and reactive, mechanisms, exemplified by EIGRP and the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP).
Hybrid ROV/AUV
A hybrid ROV/AUV, also called an HROV or HAUV, is an uncrewed underwater vehicle combining ROV and AUV capabilities, surveying freely then switching to tethered operation.
Hybrid search
Hybrid search is an information retrieval technique that runs keyword and vector queries against the same index and merges their results into a single ranking.
Hybrid striped bass
Hybrid striped bass (Palmetto bass, Sunshine bass, wiper), a Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops cross first made in 1965, is the fourth most farmed US finfish, about 12 million lb yearly, $50 million farm gate value.
Hybrid Synergy Drive
Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) is Toyota's full hybrid powertrain, pairing a gasoline engine with two electric motor-generators through a planetary gear set; it debuted in the 1997 Prius.
Hybrid tea rose
The hybrid tea rose is a class of modern garden rose bred from tea roses and hybrid perpetuals, the classic long-stemmed rose of florists and cutting gardens.
Hybrid testing (structural engineering)
Hybrid testing, or hybrid test, is a structural engineering method in which part of a structure is tested physically with hydraulic actuators while the rest is simulated numerically to reproduce its seismic response.
Hybrid Theory
Hybrid Theory is Linkin Park's debut album, released October 24, 2000 on Warner Bros.; produced by Don Gilmore, it sold over 28 million copies, was RIAA Diamond certified, and spawned "One Step Closer", "Crawling", "Papercut", and "In The End".
Hybrid transactional/analytical processing
Hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP), also called hybrid OLTP & OLAP or translytical, is a database architecture, named by Gartner in 2014, that runs transactions and real-time analytics on the same data without ETL, balancing freshness against performance isolation.
Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle is a road vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine plus electric motors and a battery, improving fuel economy over conventional cars.
Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
A hybrid vehicle drivetrain, or hybrid powertrain, combines two power sources, typically an engine or fuel cell with a rechargeable battery, so each operates where it is efficient.
Hybrid visual servoing
Hybrid visual servoing, also called 2.5-D visual servoing, is a robot control method combining 3-D Cartesian and 2-D image feedback, proposed by Ezio Malis in 1999.
Hybrid warfare
Hybrid warfare, also called hybrid war, is a contested strategic-studies concept, coined by Frank Hoffman around 2005, describing blended conventional, irregular, criminal, cyber, and disinformation methods below the threshold of open war.
Hybrid wireless mesh protocol
The Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) is the mandatory default routing protocol of the IEEE 802.11s Wi-Fi mesh standard, combining reactive on-demand and proactive tree-based path selection.
Hybrid zero dynamics
Hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) is a control framework for legged robots that generates stable walking and running gaits through virtual constraints, formalized by Westervelt, Grizzle, and Koditschek in 2003.
Hybrid-pi model
The hybrid-pi model is a linearized small-signal equivalent circuit used to analyze bipolar junction transistors around a DC operating point, and is also applied to MOSFETs.
Hybrid-propellant rocket
The hybrid-propellant rocket, or hybrid rocket motor, is a chemical rocket combining a solid fuel with a separately stored liquid or gaseous oxidizer, allowing throttling and shutdown by controlling oxidizer flow.
Hybridisation
Hybridisation (hybridization): joining of separate entities. In genomics, complementary DNA/RNA strands base-pair into double-stranded hybrids, underpinning PCR, FISH, and blots; in evolution, interbreeding between distinct populations; also hybrid drugs, medicines, and trial designs.