All articles starting with H
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Hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is a liquid chromatography method, named by Andrew Alpert in 1990, that retains polar compounds too hydrophilic for reversed-phase LC, coupling well to mass spectrometry.
Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is a numerical scale from 1 to 20, introduced by William C. Griffin in 1949, showing how strongly a surfactant attracts water relative to oil.
Hydrophilidae
Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles), family Latreille 1802 of Hydrophiloidea; over 3,000 species worldwide except Antarctica; six subfamilies per Short & Fikáček 2013; aquatic larvae predatory, adults herbivorous or scavenging.
Hydrophilization
Hydrophilization is a surface treatment that converts a material's outermost layer into a water-attracting state, improving adhesion, printability, and biocompatibility; main methods include wet-chemical oxidation, flame treatment, and plasma.
Hydrophis
Hydrophis (Latreille 1801) is the largest sea snake genus, Elapidae, with 49 Indo-West Pacific viviparous species that radiated rapidly around 1 million years ago; includes H. platurus, H. cyanocinctus, H. schistosus.
Hydrophobe
A hydrophobe is a nonpolar molecule or surface, such as a hydrocarbon, that lacks favorable interactions with water; hydrophobicity is measured by contact angle or Log Kow.
Hydrophobic effect
The hydrophobic effect, or hydrophobic interactions, is the tendency of oil and water to segregate, arising from water's behavior around solutes that cannot hydrogen-bond with it.
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is a liquid chromatography method that separates proteins by surface hydrophobicity using high-salt buffers, keeping them native and active, and is widely used for antibody aggregate removal and ADC analysis.
Hydrophobic tagging
Hydrophobic tagging (HyT) is a targeted protein degradation strategy in which a hydrophobic tag makes a protein appear misfolded, recruiting chaperones like HSP70; unlike PROTACs, it needs no specific E3 ligase.
Hydrophone
A hydrophone is an underwater microphone, an electroacoustic transducer that converts pressure fluctuations in water into electrical signals, first developed during World War I to detect German U-boats.
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllaceae R.Br., the waterleaf family, is a Boraginales family of about 12 genera and 250 species centered in western North America; APG IV merges it into Boraginaceae, while Luebert et al. 2016 recognize it.
Hydrophytic vegetation
Hydrophytic vegetation, also called hydrophytes, is the plant life of areas where saturated soils control which species grow, and one of three wetland delineation criteria.
Hydropneumatic suspension
Hydropneumatic suspension is an automotive suspension using gas as the spring and hydraulic fluid as the damper, invented by Paul Magès at Citroën and first shown in 1954.
Hydroponics
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, with roots in an aerated nutrient solution, first used on a large scale during World War II.
Hydropower
Hydropower, also called water power, is a renewable source of electricity that converts the energy of flowing or falling water into electricity using turbines and dams.
Hydropower Sustainability Standard
The Hydropower Sustainability Standard (HSS) is a global certification scheme defining environmental, social, governance, and climate performance requirements for hydropower projects, launched in September 2021 and managed by the Hydropower Sustainability Alliance.
HydroPRS
HydroPRS, also marketed as Hydro-PRT, is a chemical recycling process by UK company Mura Technology that uses supercritical water to convert mixed plastic waste into hydrocarbon feedstocks for new plastics.
Hydrops
Hydrops (Wagler, 1830) is a South American genus of aquatic dipsadine water snakes with three species, H. caesurus, H. martii, and H. triangularis, in the tribe Hydropsini with Helicops and Pseudoeryx; oviparous fish-eaters.
Hydrops fetalis
Hydrops fetalis, including non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), is abnormal fluid accumulation in two or more fetal compartments. Causes include aneuploidy, RASopathies, cardiac anomalies, and infection; survival often under 50%.
Hydrops of gallbladder
Hydrops of gallbladder (gallbladder mucocele, hydropic gallbladder), ICD-11 DC10.1: cystic duct obstruction, usually by an impacted gallstone, replacing bile with clear mucus-like "white bile"; treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Hydropsychidae
Hydropsychidae, the net-spinning caddisflies (Curtis, 1835), a Trichoptera family of about 1,500-1,982 species whose larvae spin silk filter nets in fixed stream retreats, serve as water-quality bioindicators and streambed ecosystem engineers.
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptilidae, the micro-caddisflies (family, Trichoptera), largest caddisfly family with over 2,600 species in six subfamilies and 76 genera; tiny adults (forewing 2–5 mm) whose larvae build purse cases only in the final instar.
Hydropyrolysis
Hydropyrolysis is pyrolysis carried out under pressurized hydrogen, giving a stable, low-oxygen oil; catalytic hydropyrolysis converts biomass and plastics directly into hydrocarbon fuels, cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol, is a white crystalline aromatic compound used as a photographic developer and skin-lightening agent that inhibits tyrosinase to treat melasma.
Hydros Robotic System
The Hydros Robotic System is an FDA-cleared surgical robot by PROCEPT BioRobotics of San Jose, California that delivers Aquablation therapy, a heat-free, AI-planned waterjet treatment for an enlarged prostate.
Hydrosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx is a fallopian tube blocked at its far end and swollen with fluid, most often after pelvic inflammatory disease, and a known cause of infertility.
Hydrosat
Hydrosat is a thermal-infrared satellite data and analytics company founded in 2017 and headquartered in Luxembourg, selling daily field-scale imagery that reveals crop water stress and drought.
Hydrosere
Hydrosere: the seral sequence of ecological succession beginning in open water (pond, lake, swamp), also called hydrarch succession, running from phytoplankton through marsh stages toward a terrestrial climax; counterpart of the xerosere.
HydroSHEDS
HydroSHEDS is a free suite of global hydrographic datasets, including catchment boundaries, river networks, and lakes, derived from satellite elevation data and initiated by World Wildlife Fund US in 2006.
Hydrosilane reagents in organic synthesis
Hydrosilane reagents in organic synthesis are organosilicon compounds with Si–H bonds, including triethylsilane, PMHS, and TMDS, that reduce alkenes, carbonyls, and other groups under mild, catalytic conditions.