All articles starting with I
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Imperial Counselor
The Imperial Counselor (御史大夫) was a Qin office retained by the Han dynasty to assist the Imperial Chancellor; about 20 of the dynasty's chancellors rose from it.
Imperial County, California
Imperial County, California: southeastern border county (seat El Centro, est. 1907, pop. ~180,000) known for Imperial Valley winter-vegetable farming, Colorado River water via the Imperial Irrigation District, the Salton Sea, geothermal energy, and the Lithium Valley development effort.
Imperial court (Edo period)
The imperial court (朝廷) of the Edo period was the emperor and court nobility in Kyoto, performing state rites and rank conferrals while dependent on the Tokugawa shogunate.
Imperial Court of Russia
The Imperial Court of Russia (Императорский двор) was the court staff of the Russian emperors, growing from a few dozen officials in the early 18th century to 1,600 by 1917.
Imperial crest of Japan
The Imperial crest of Japan, known in Japanese as Kiku No Gomon, is a sixteen-petaled chrysanthemum serving as the Emperor's personal crest and a national seal.
Imperial Crown of Russia
The Imperial Crown of Russia, formally the Great Imperial Crown, was made in 1762 for Empress Catherine II's coronation and served every Romanov monarch through Nicholas II.
Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichskrone) is an octagonal coronation crown used until 1792 to crown emperors. It is held in Vienna's Imperial Treasury (Kaiserliche Schatzkammer).
Imperial Crypt
The Imperial Crypt (Kaisergruft, Kapuzinergruft) beneath Vienna's Capuchin Church is the Habsburg dynasty's principal burial vault since 1633, with about 150 interments including 12 emperors, divided heart and viscera burials, and a last burial in 2023.
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet (Reichstag) was the estates assembly of the Holy Roman Empire, organized in three colleges of electors, princes, and cities, anchored by the Golden Bull of 1356, enacting the 1555 Religious Peace, and sitting permanently in Regensburg from 1663 to 1806.
Imperial Diet of Japan
The Imperial Diet (帝国議会) was the bicameral legislature of the Empire of Japan, with an appointed House of Peers and an elected House of Representatives, first convened in 1890.
Imperial Education Association
The Imperial Education Association (帝国教育会, Teikoku Kyōikukai) was a semi-official educational organization in prewar Japan, formed by merger in 1890 and publishing the journal Teikoku Kyōiku from 1909 to 1944.
Imperial Estate
Imperial Estate (Reichsstand, Status Imperii): an entity or person of the Holy Roman Empire with seat and vote in the Imperial Diet; electors, princes, prelates, and free cities, mediatised 1803-1806 and released by Francis II's abdication on 6 August 1806.
Imperial Ethiopian Railway
The Imperial Ethiopian Railway was chartered by Emperor Menelik II in 1894 to link the French port of Djibouti with Ethiopia's interior, reaching Addis Ababa in 1917.
Imperial examination (科举)
Keju (科举), China's imperial civil service examination system, ran from the Sui dynasty's jinshi examination around 605 CE to its 1905 abolition, selecting officials through provincial, metropolitan, and palace examinations with quotas, anonymity safeguards, and debated social mobility effects.
Imperial examination questions on policy (cewen)
Imperial examination questions on policy (策问, cewen) were policy essay questions set in the Chinese civil service examinations, originating in the Han dynasty and central to the Song palace examination.
Imperial examinations under the Ly
The imperial examinations under the Ly, or Khoa thi thời Lý, were civil examinations first held by the Ly court of Dai Viet in 1075, the first in Vietnamese history.
Imperial Family of the Southern Song
The Imperial Family of the Southern Song (南宋宗室) was the Zhao imperial clan of the Song dynasty after the loss of north China in 1127.
Imperial Federation
Imperial Federation: late 19th–early 20th century British proposal to turn the Empire into a single federal state with common defense and foreign policy; Imperial Federation League (1884), Parkin, Chamberlain; superseded by the British Commonwealth.
Imperial General Headquarters
Imperial General Headquarters (大本営, Dai Hon'ei) was the supreme command organ of the Empire of Japan, directing army and navy operations under the emperor's authority in wartime.
Imperial General Headquarters Ordinance
The Imperial General Headquarters Ordinance (戦時大本営条例) was a Japanese imperial ordinance of 1893 that created the Daihon'ei, a temporary wartime headquarters under the Emperor, activated in 1894, 1904, and 1937.
Imperial German Army
Imperial German Army (Deutsches Heer), land force of the German Empire 1871–1918, dominated by the Prussian contingent (about 75 percent) alongside Saxon, Württemberg, and Bavarian contingents; fought in the First World War under the OHL and was dissolved after the 1918 armistice.
Imperial German Army in World War I
The Imperial German Army (Deutsches Heer) was the land force of the German Empire in World War I, fighting from August 1914 to the armistice of November 1918.
Imperial German Navy
Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine), navy of the German Empire 1871–1918, built up by Tirpitz's 1898/1900 fleet laws into a High Seas Fleet that raced Britain, fought at Jutland, waged unrestricted U-boat warfare, and ended with the 1918 Kiel mutiny and the 1919 Scapa Flow scuttling.
Imperial Glass Factory
The Imperial Glass Company, later the Imperial Glass Corporation, was an American handmade glass manufacturer in Bellaire, Ohio, from 1901 to 1984, best known for its Candlewick and Cape Cod patterns.
Imperial guard
Imperial guard: elite military formation protecting a monarch or emperor, from the Roman praetorian guard and Byzantine hetereia to Abbasid slave guards, the Mongol Keshig, Qing shiwei, and the British Household Division.
Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)
Imperial Guard (Garde impériale), Napoleon I's elite corps of the First Empire, created 1804 from the Guard of the Consuls; grew from 2,089 men to about 60,000 by 1812, served as reserve and cadre school, and was destroyed at Waterloo in 1815.
Imperial Guard (suwei) and keshig
The Imperial Guard (suwei, 宿衛) was the Yuan dynasty's standing force guarding the emperor and capital, made up of the four keshig bodyguard and Kublai Khan's Imperial Guard Army.
Imperial Guard of the Nguyen court
The Imperial Guard of the Nguyen court (Ngũ vệ quân) was the guard force protecting the emperor, citadel, and capital of Vietnam, formed after 1802 under Gia Long.
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo
The Imperial Hotel, Tokyo (帝国ホテル東京) is a luxury hotel in Hibiya, Tokyo, established in 1890 as Japan's guest house and known for its Frank Lloyd Wright building of 1923.
Imperial House of Japan
Imperial House of Japan (皇室, Kōshitsu): the Japanese imperial dynasty under the 1947 Imperial House Law, with agnatic male-line succession, defined membership ranks, and a shrinking eligible family.