All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
Indian elephant
Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), mainland subspecies of the Asian elephant; India holds about 60% of the global population, estimated at 22,446 wild elephants by DNA-based SAIEE 2021–25, with Endangered status and severe human-elephant conflict.
Indian English
Indian English (IndE): the English of India, co-official with Hindi, over 122 million speakers (2011 census), four centuries of history, distinctive syntax and accent, stable lexis since the 1930s, and epicentral influence on South Asian Englishes.
Indian English diaspora novel
The Indian English diaspora novel is fiction in English by authors of Indian origin or descent living outside India, exploring migration, displacement, and belonging to the homeland.
Indian English drama
Indian English drama is the body of plays written in English by Indian playwrights, a genre that began under colonial rule and matured after India's 1947 independence.
Indian English feminist writing
Indian English feminist writing is fiction, poetry, autobiography, and criticism by women writing in English in India and its diaspora, treating gender, patriarchy, and caste as central subjects.
Indian English literature
Indian English literature, also called Indian Writing in English or Indo-Anglian, is literature written in English by Indian authors, in India and abroad, spanning novels, poetry, and drama.
Indian English modernist poetry
Indian English modernist poetry is the modernist poetry written in English by Indian poets, taking shape after 1947 and led by Nissim Ezekiel, A. K. Ramanujan, and Jayanta Mahapatra.
Indian English novel
The Indian English novel is the tradition of English-language fiction by Indian authors, from Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Rajmohan's Wife (1864) to Salman Rushdie and diaspora writers.
Indian English novel of social reform
The Indian English novel of social reform is a tradition of fiction using the novel to indict poverty and caste oppression, founded by Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable (1935).
Indian English poetry
Indian English poetry, once called Indo-Anglian poetry, is poetry in English by Indian poets, developing since the early nineteenth century; Nissim Ezekiel and Kamala Das are major figures.
Indian English postmodern fiction
Indian English postmodern fiction is the body of novels and short fiction in English by Indian authors from roughly 1980, begun by Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981).
Indian English short story
The Indian English short story is short prose fiction written in English by Indian authors, shaped largely in the 20th century by writers like R.K. Narayan.
Indian English theatre
Indian English theatre is theatre in English by Indian playwrights, begun under colonial rule; Krishna Mohan Banerji's The Persecuted of 1831 was the first play.
Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative
Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO) is an Indian multi-state cooperative society, wholly owned by member cooperatives, that manufactures fertilizers and is India's largest urea producer.
Indian Foreign Service (भारतीय विदेश सेवा)
Indian Foreign Service (भारतीय विदेश सेवा, IFS), India's diplomatic civil service under the Ministry of External Affairs; created September 1946, first UPSC batch 1948, about 850 officers, roughly 193 missions and posts, intake 30-35 yearly.
Indian Forest Act 1878
The Indian Forest Act 1878 (भारतीय वन अधिनियम १८७८) was a British Indian statute classifying forests as reserved, protected, or village forests under state control.
Indian Forest Act, 1927
Indian Forest Act, 1927 (Act XVI of 1927): India's principal forest law, consolidating colonial forest legislation and replacing the 1878 Act. Defines reserved, village, protected, and non-government forests across 86 sections; still in force.
Indian Forest Service (भारतीय वन सेवा)
Indian Forest Service (भारतीय वन सेवा), IFS, India's third All India Service for forest management, constituted 1 July 1966 under the All India Services Act 1951; MoEF&CC-controlled, UPSC-recruited, trained at IGNFA Dehradun, authorized strength 3,193.
Indian giant squirrel
Ratufa indica, the Indian or Malabar giant squirrel, is a large multicolored tree squirrel endemic to peninsular India's Western and Eastern Ghats and Satpuras, arboreal, diurnal, IUCN Least Concern, CITES Appendix II, with the subspecies dealbata extinct.
Indian giver
Indian giver is an offensive colloquial term for someone who takes back a gift, arising from colonial misreading of Indigenous North American gift-exchange economies; recorded from Callender 1739, Hutchinson 1764, and Bartlett's 1848 Dictionary of Americanisms.
Indian Grand Prix
The Indian Grand Prix was a Formula One race held 2011-2013 at the Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida, won all three times by Sebastian Vettel, and dropped over taxation disputes.
Indian harmonium
Indian harmonium: a small hand-pumped free-reed keyboard in a portable box, adapted for South Asian music by Dwarkanath Ghose (द्वारकानाथ घोष) of Dwarkin & Sons, Kolkata; used in qawwali, bhajan, kirtan, and ghazal, banned by All India Radio 1940–1971, with India the world's largest exporter.
Indian Health Service
The Indian Health Service is a U.S. federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services providing health care to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Indian Heaven
Indian Heaven volcanic field: basaltic shield-volcano and cinder-cone field in Skamania County, Washington, 30 km southwest of Mount Adams; ~50 vents, Big Lava Bed eruption about 9,000 years ago, low threat, USGS-monitored.
Indian hemp
Indian hemp, also called kenaf, Deccan hemp, or Java jute (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), is an African-originated annual Malvaceae fiber crop grown for cordage, paper pulp, and biocomposites, unrelated to Cannabis sativa.
Indian Himalayan Region
Indian Himalayan Region (IHR): India's Himalayan belt, about 2,500 km across 13 States/UTs, 533,000 sq km, nearly 50 million people; fragile ecosystem with NMSHE climate mission, drying springs, and 44% of India's disasters (2013-2022).
Indian Home Rule movement
Indian Home Rule movement (1916-1918), also the Home Rule Leagues: campaign for self-government within the British Empire led by Annie Besant's All India Home Rule League (Madras, September 1916) and Tilak's league (April 1916), modeled on Irish Home Rule; ended after 1918.
Indian Horse (film)
Indian Horse is a 2018 Canadian drama directed by Stephen S. Campanelli, adapted from Richard Wagamese's 2011 novel, about Ojibway boy Saul Indian Horse surviving residential school through hockey; 80% on Rotten Tomatoes, $1.9M US gross.
Indian Hotels Company Limited
Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) is a Tata Group hospitality company and India's largest hotel operator by market capitalization, founded by Jamsetji Tata, whose Taj Mahal Palace opened in 1903.
Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
The Indian Human Spaceflight Programme, also known as the Indian manned space program, is ISRO's effort to fly Indians to low Earth orbit via the Gaganyaan missions.