All articles starting with I
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Indian National Lok Dal
Indian National Lok Dal (INLD), Haryana regional party founded by Devi Lal's family, constituted 1998, NDA member 1998-2004, peaked at 31 assembly seats in 2009, split in 2018 forming the JJP, and won 2 seats with 4.14% in 2024.
Indian National Physics Olympiad
The Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPhO) is the second-stage selection program leading to the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO). It is organized by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education in Mumbai.
Indian National Satellite System
The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is India's multipurpose geostationary satellite system for telecommunications, television broadcasting, meteorology, disaster warning, and search and rescue, operated by ISRO since 1983.
Indian nationalism
Indian nationalism: the anti-colonial national idea of the subcontinent, 1857–1947, and its post-independence contest between Nehruvian secular civic nationalism and Hindu nationalism (Hindutva, RSS, BJP). Distinctive in aspiring to inherit the whole British Indian empire.
Indian nationality law
Indian nationality law governs citizenship under the Constitution and the Citizenship Act, 1955. Acquisition is by birth, descent, registration, and naturalization; amendments in 1986, 2003, 2005 and 2019 (CAA, OCI) shifted it from jus soli toward descent and religion-based criteria.
Indian Naval Academy
Indian Naval Academy (INA), Ezhimala, Kerala: the Indian Navy's premier officer training academy, inaugurated 8 January 2009, spanning 2452 acres, training Navy, Coast Guard, and foreign naval cadets.
Indian Naval Air Arm
The Indian Naval Air Arm, also called the Air Wing of Indian Navy, is the aviation branch of the Indian Navy, operating from carriers and coastal air stations.
Indian Navy (भारतीय नौसेना)
Indian Navy (भारतीय नौसेना), India's naval force tracing to the 1612 East India Company Marine. Operates carriers Vikramaditya and Vikrant, ~140 vessels, 17 diesel submarines and INS Arihant; protects sea lanes carrying over 90% of Indian trade.
Indian New Year's days
Indian New Year's days are the several dates on which different regional calendars of India begin the year, falling mostly in late March and April, with Gujarat celebrating Bestu Varas at Diwali.
Indian numbering system
The Indian numbering system, also called the South Asian numbering system, is used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, grouping digits in twos after the first three and naming lakh (100,000) and crore (10,000,000).
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean basin, bounded by Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Southern Ocean, and the only one closed by land to the north.
Indian Ocean Basin mode
The Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOB) is the dominant pattern of year-to-year sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Indian Ocean, a basin-wide warming or cooling.
Indian Ocean Commission
The Indian Ocean Commission (Commission de l'océan Indien) is an intergovernmental organization of five island states, including France for Réunion, created by the 1982 Port-Louis Declaration.
Indian Ocean Dipole
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), measured by the Dipole Mode Index, is a sea surface temperature seesaw between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean with positive, negative, and neutral phases, discovered by Saji et al. in 1999, affecting East African, Indonesian, and Australian rainfall.
Indian Ocean garbage patch
The Indian Ocean garbage patch is a poorly defined accumulation of floating plastic in the southern Indian Ocean subtropical gyre, southeast of Madagascar; unlike the Pacific and Atlantic patches it is weak, dispersive, and under-sampled, and no northern patch exists because land blocks the gyre.
Indian Ocean Geoid Low
The Indian Ocean Geoid Low (IOGL) is Earth's lowest geoid anomaly, a −106 m depression south of India caused by low-density mantle plume material generated when Tethyan slabs perturbed the African LLSVP.
Indian Ocean raid
The Indian Ocean raid, known to the Japanese as Operation C, was a Japanese carrier offensive against British forces in the Indian Ocean in March and April 1942.
Indian Ocean Slope of Sumatra & Java
Indian Ocean Slope of Sumatra & Java, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 737, tropical and subtropical coastal rivers of southwestern Sumatra and Java plus offshore islands, with about 20 endemic fishes and Lake Maninjau.
Indian Ocean trade
Indian Ocean trade: maritime commerce linking East Africa, Arabia, Iran, India, Southeast Asia, and China from the Bronze Age onward, driven by monsoon winds, centered on Indian textiles and spices, and predating European entry by millennia.
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWMS) is the UNESCO-IOC-coordinated system detecting Indian Ocean tsunamis and issuing threat advisories, established in 2005 in response to the 2004 tsunami that killed almost 230,000 people.
Indian Oil Corporation
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IndianOil) is a state-controlled Indian integrated energy company formed in 1964, refining, transporting, and marketing petroleum products through about 40,000 retail outlets nationwide.
Indian oil sardine
Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps), a small tropical pelagic fish of the northern Indian Ocean and India's key sardine fishery, contributing 17–20% of national marine landings, centered on Kerala's Malabar upwelling zone.
Indian Olympic Association
Indian Olympic Association (IOA), India's national Olympic body based at Olympic Bhawan, New Delhi; organizes Indian contingents to the Olympics, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games; shaped by Rahul Mehra litigation, a 2012 IOC suspension, and the National Sports Governance Act 2025.
Indian Overseas Bank (இந்தியன் ஓவர்சீஸ் வங்கி)
Indian Overseas Bank (இந்தியன் ஓவர்சீஸ் வங்கி), also known as IOB, is a Chennai-headquartered public sector bank founded in Madras in 1937 and nationalized in 1969, with over 3,400 branches.
Indian Pacific
The Indian Pacific is an Australian long-distance passenger train running between Sydney and Perth since 1970, now operated by Journey Beyond as a luxury journey.
Indian painting
Indian painting: the subcontinent's pictorial tradition from Bhimbetka rock art and Ajanta murals through Mughal, Rajasthani, Deccani, and Pahari miniatures to Bengal School, Progressive, and contemporary art; key schools, techniques, and collections.
Indian palm squirrel
The northern or five-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus pennantii) is a small diurnal squirrel native from Iran through Pakistan to Nepal and northern and central India, IUCN Least Concern.
Indian pangolin
Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), or thick-tailed pangolin: a scaled, burrowing, ant- and termite-eating mammal of South Asia (Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh), IUCN Endangered, CITES Appendix I, most trafficked mammal family.
Indian paradise flycatcher
Indian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi), formerly Asian paradise flycatcher, a monarch flycatcher of Asia from Tien Shan to Sri Lanka; males have 25 cm tail streamers and rufous or white morphs; IUCN Least Concern.
Indian pariah dog
Indian pariah dog (Indie, Desi dog, INDog): the indigenous landrace village dog of the Indian subcontinent, medium-sized with erect ears, thousands of years old, not kennel-club recognized, and the ancestor type behind India's roughly 59 million free-ranging street dogs.