All articles starting with I

Intraocular medulloepithelioma

Intraocular medulloepithelioma, also called diktyoma, is a rare childhood embryonal tumor of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, the second most common pediatric intraocular tumor after retinoblastoma, linked to DICER1 mutations and treated mainly by enucleation.

Intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure (IOP), also called eye tension, is the fluid pressure in the eye's anterior chamber, set by aqueous humor production and outflow; measured by tonometry, chiefly Goldmann applanation, and the main modifiable glaucoma risk factor.

Intraoperative blood salvage

Intraoperative blood salvage, also called cell salvage, is a perioperative technique that collects blood lost during surgery, washes the red cells, and returns them to the patient, reducing donor transfusions.

Intraoperative Care

Intraoperative care is patient care during surgery, ancillary to the operation itself: anesthesia monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, and safety checklists such as the WHO surgical safety checklist.

Intraoperative cholangiography

Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is an X-ray imaging technique performed during gallbladder removal surgery, in which contrast dye injected into the bile ducts confirms anatomy and detects stones.

Intraoperative computed tomography

Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) is the acquisition of CT scans in the operating room during surgery, letting surgeons verify implant position, assess residual tumor, and correct problems before closing.

Intraoperative molecular imaging

Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) is a surgical technique in which fluorescent tracers given before or during surgery make tumor tissue light up in the operating field.

Oct 20, 2026

Intraoperative Monitoring

Intraoperative monitoring: continuous measurement of oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, temperature, neuromuscular function, anesthetic depth and neural integrity during surgery, governed by ASA, AAGBI, WHO-WFSA and IONM standards.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) continuously records nervous system function during surgery with evoked potentials, EEG, and EMG, alerting the surgical team when signal changes indicate emerging neural injury.

Intraoperative Period

Intraoperative period: the phase of surgical care during the operation itself, between the preoperative and postoperative phases; MeSH D007432, with varying institutional boundaries and intraoperative monitoring, fluids, and safety standards.

Intraoperative radiation therapy

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) delivers a single radiation dose directly to an exposed tumor or tumor bed during an operation, used in rectal and breast cancer.

Intraoperative ultrasound

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is the use of diagnostic ultrasound during surgery to visualize internal anatomy in real time, guiding resection, needle placement, and operative approach; it is routine in liver, pancreatic, and brain tumor surgery.

Intraoral basal cell carcinoma

Intraoral basal cell carcinoma (IOBCC), also called basal cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, is a controversial, extremely rare primary BCC of oral mucosa; a 2025 systematic review accepted only 9 Ber-EP4-positive cases, on palate, buccal mucosa, or gingiva.

Intraoral Electrogalvanism

Intraoral electrogalvanism (oral galvanism): electric currents and corrosion arising when saliva contacts dissimilar dental metals, causing ion release, burning, allergy; currents up to 102 µA.

Intraoral radiography

Intraoral radiography is a dental imaging method that places an x-ray film or digital sensor inside the mouth to show individual teeth, using periapical, bitewing, and occlusal projections.

Intraosseous infusion

Intraosseous infusion (IO access): emergency vascular access via a needle into bone marrow, alternative to intravenous when IV fails; faster first-attempt success but no proven survival benefit in cardiac arrest.

Intraosseous venous malformation

Intraosseous venous malformation (IOVM) is a non-neoplastic venous vascular malformation composed of dilated, ectatic venous channels within bone. Classified as a low-flow malformation, it frequently affects the skull and facial skeleton.

Intrapace

IntraPace, Inc. was a California medical-device startup founded in 2001 by Mir Imran via InCube Labs, which developed the abiliti implanted gastric pacemaker for treating obesity.

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH): bleeding into brain tissue, usually from hypertensive arteriolosclerosis or cerebral amyloid angiopathy; ~3.4 million cases yearly, high mortality, treated with BP control, anticoagulation reversal, and selected surgery.

Intrapartum fetal death

Intrapartum fetal death is the death of a fetus during labor, where the baby was alive at the onset of labor. It is classified as KD3B.1 in the WHO's ICD-11.

Oct 20, 2026

Intrapartum haemorrhage

Intrapartum haemorrhage (ICD-11 JA42) is genital tract bleeding during labour and childbirth, distinct from antepartum (JA41) and postpartum haemorrhage (JA43). Causes include uterine rupture, trauma, and coagulation defect; WHO 2025 guidance sets 300 mL/500 mL action thresholds and the MOTIVE bundle.

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a cancer treatment delivering cytotoxic drugs directly into the peritoneal cavity, giving higher drug exposure to abdominal tumors than intravenous therapy, notably in ovarian cancer.

Intraperitoneal injection

Intraperitoneal injection is a drug administration route in which medication is delivered into the peritoneal cavity, used clinically for chemotherapy of peritoneal surface malignancies and routinely in laboratory rodents.