All articles starting with I

Ion

An ion is an atomic or molecular particle with a net electric charge: a cation forms when an atom loses electrons, and an anion forms when it gains electrons.

Ion acoustic wave

The ion acoustic wave, or ion sound wave, is a low-frequency electrostatic wave in a plasma, analogous to a sound wave in an ordinary gas.

Ion Antonescu (1882–1946), Romanian general and Marshal, dictator of Romania 1940–1944, Hitler's key eastern ally, overseer of the murder of about 220,000 Romanian Jews, overthrown 23 August 1944, tried 6–17 May 1946, executed 1 June 1946.

Ion beam analysis

Ion beam analysis is a group of analytical techniques in which a beam of MeV ions strikes a material, and emitted X-rays, gamma rays, or scattered particles reveal its composition.

Ion beam deposition

Ion beam deposition (IBD) is a vacuum thin-film technique in which an accelerated ion beam carries material to a substrate, producing diamondlike carbon, optical, and semiconductor films.

Ion beam etching

Ion beam etching, also called ion milling, is a dry microfabrication process that removes material by sputtering it with a collimated beam of energetic ions, usually argon.

Ion beam machining

Ion beam machining is a non-conventional machining process that removes material from a workpiece by sputtering with accelerated ions, achieving nanometer precision in applications like semiconductor mask repair.

Ion beam mixing

Ion beam mixing is the intermingling of atoms in layered solids under energetic ion irradiation, used to form metal silicide contacts on silicon at low temperatures.

Ion beam scanning electron microscopy

Ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) is a dual-beam technique in which a focused ion beam mills a specimen while a co-mounted electron column images it.

Ion beam therapy

Ion beam therapy is external beam radiotherapy using accelerated charged ions, mainly protons and carbon ions, delivering a high dose inside tumors with steep falloff beyond them.

Oct 22, 2026

Ion C. Brătianu

Ion C. Brătianu (1821–1891) was a Romanian statesman who led the National Liberal Party and served as prime minister for nearly twelve years, from 1876 to 1888.

Oct 22, 2026

Ion Câmpineanu

Ion Câmpineanu (1798–1863) was a Wallachian boyar and politician who led the liberal National Party and drafted early calls for union of the Romanian Principalities.

Ion channel

Ion channel: transmembrane protein pore, also called ion-selective pore, that passively conducts specific ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-) down electrochemical gradients; gated by voltage, ligands, or mechanics; distinguished from ATP-driven ion pumps by speed and single gate.

Ion chromatography

Ion chromatography (IC), also known as ion-exchange chromatography, is a liquid chromatography technique for separating ions, introduced by Hamish Small at Dow Chemical in 1975.

Oct 21, 2026

ION Club

ION CLUB, formerly Club Mistral, is a watersports center network founded in 1985 by Yola Bichler, rebranded 2015, with 15 centers teaching kitesurfing, windsurfing, and wingfoiling at Tarifa, Le Morne, Safaga, Golf de Roses, and other destinations; distinct from the I'On Club fitness club in South Carolina.

Ion Cojar

Ion Cojar (1931–2009), Romanian theatre director, acting theorist and professor, founder of a Romanian acting method ('acting is a way of thinking'), director of Teatrul Mic and of the Bucharest National Theatre, author of O poetică a artei actorului.

Ion concentration polarization

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is an electrokinetic phenomenon in which current through an ion-selective membrane creates ion depletion and enrichment zones, used for microfluidic desalination and water purification.

Ion counting

Ion counting is a mass spectrometry detection method that registers individual ions arriving at a detector, quantifying isotope abundances from count rates for very small ion beams.

Ion Creangă

Ion Creangă (1837/1839–1889), Romanian classical writer, deacon, and schoolteacher from Humulești, author of Amintiri din copilărie and tales such as Povestea lui Harap-Alb, published in Convorbiri literare through Junimea and friend of Eminescu.

Ion Cuțelaba

Ion Cuțelaba, "The Hulk" (born 1993), Moldovan UFC light heavyweight, southpaw wrestler-sambo stylist; pro record 20-12-1 (1 NC), UFC 9-11-1, 16 first-round finishes, debut June 2016.

Ion cyclotron resonance

Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) is the resonant absorption of energy by an ion in a static magnetic field when an applied radiofrequency electric field matches the ion's cyclotron frequency.

Ion cyclotron resonance heating

Ion cyclotron resonance heating, also called ICRF heating, heats fusion plasma by launching radio waves that ions absorb at their cyclotron resonance, at 20 to 100 MHz.

Oct 21, 2026

Ion Draica

Ion Draica (born 1958, Constanța) is a Romanian Greco-Roman wrestler, 1984 Olympic middleweight (82 kg) champion, 1978 world champion, and three-time European champion (1977-1979).

Oct 21, 2026

Ion Dumitrescu

Ion Dumitrescu (1925–1999), Romanian trap shooter, won gold at the 1960 Rome Olympics with 192/200, beating Galliano Rossini; also 5th in 1964 and three-time World Championship medalist.

Ion endoluminal system

The Ion endoluminal system is a robotic-assisted bronchoscopy platform made by Intuitive Surgical and cleared by the FDA in 2019 to biopsy small peripheral lung nodules using fiber-optic shape-sensing navigation.

Ion exchange

Ion exchange is a reversible chemical process that swaps ions held on a solid resin for ions of the same charge in a liquid, used in water softening and chromatography.

Ion exchange synthesis

Ion exchange synthesis is a post-synthetic method that swaps the ions of a preformed solid for ions from solution, molten salt, or gas, often preserving the crystal framework.

Ion flotation

Ion flotation is an adsorptive bubble separation method that removes dilute ions from aqueous solution by binding them to oppositely charged surfactant collectors floated to the surface with gas bubbles.

Oct 22, 2026

Ion gel

An ion gel, also called an ionogel, is a soft polymer gel swollen with an ionic liquid, combining high ionic conductivity with solid-like mechanical stability.