All articles starting with J

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Jatyadi Taila

Jatyadi Taila (जात्यादि तैल), also Jatyadi Tailam, is a classical Ayurvedic sesame-based medicated oil from the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, applied externally to wounds (vrana) and ulcers, with rat and small clinical studies supporting wound healing.

Jauhar

Jauhar, also spelled johar, was a medieval Indian practice in which the women of a besieged fort immolated themselves when defeat was imminent, particularly among Rajputs.

Jauja

Jauja, or Xauxa, is a city in the Mantaro Valley of the Peruvian central highlands, founded by Francisco Pizarro in 1534 as the first Spanish capital of Peru.

Jaume Collet-Serra

Jaume Collet-Serra (born 1974, Sant Iscle de Vallalta, Catalonia) is a Spanish director of Orphan, Unknown, Non-Stop, The Shallows, Jungle Cruise, Black Adam, and Carry-On, known for mid-budget genre thrillers with Liam Neeson.

Jaume Ferran i Clua

Jaume Ferran i Clua, also written Jaime Ferrán, was a Spanish microbiologist who in 1885 gave the first cholera vaccine to humans during the Valencia epidemic.

Jaume Plensa

Jaume Plensa (born 1955, Barcelona) is a Spanish sculptor of monumental public heads and figures, creator of Crown Fountain in Chicago, Water's Soul in Jersey City, and Utopia, and winner of Spain's 2012 National Prize and 2013 Velázquez Prize.

Jaume Veciana

Jaume Veciana is a Spanish chemist and materials scientist who led the NANOMOL group at ICMAB-CSIC in Barcelona, known for molecular magnets, molecular electronics, and nanomedicine.

Jaume Vilarrasa

Jaume Vilarrasa, also Jaime Vilarrasa Llorens, born 1949 in Canet de Mar, Spain, is a Spanish organic chemist and full professor at the University of Barcelona, known for the Staudinger–Vilarrasa reaction.

Jaun Elia (جون ایلیا)

Jaun Elia (جون ایلیا), 1931–2002, Urdu poet and scholar from Amroha based in Karachi; only Shayad published in his lifetime, posthumous volumes by Khalid Ahmed Ansari, Pride of Performance 2000.

Jaunākās Ziņas

Jaunākās Ziņas ("Latest News") was a Latvian social and political daily newspaper published in Riga from 1911 to 1940 and the largest newspaper in Latvian press history.

Jaundice

Jaundice, also known as hyperbilirubinemia, is a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by excess blood bilirubin, often signaling liver or bile duct disease.

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith (1940–2025) was a Salish Native American painter, printmaker, and curator whose paintings of maps and trade canoes confronted the treatment of Indigenous peoples in the United States.

Jaunpur

Jaunpur (जौनपुर) is a district in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, on the Gomti river; former Sharqi dynasty capital, 4,038 sq km, 44.9 lakh people (Census 2011), 6 tehsils, 21 blocks, agrarian economy with woollen dari ODOP craft.

Jauz

Jauz is the stage name of Sam Vogel, an American DJ and producer from the San Francisco Bay Area who helped define bass house in the mid-2010s.

Java

Java (Jawa), Indonesia's main island, is the world's most populous island: about 137 million people on roughly 128,000 km², a volcanic arc with fertile soils, dense agriculture, sinking coasts, and the capital Jakarta.

Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995, compiled to bytecode that runs on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine.

Java (software platform)

Java, also known as the Java Platform, is a software platform launched by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and stewarded by Oracle, combining a programming language, virtual machine, and standard libraries.

Java applet

A Java applet is a small Java program downloaded by a browser and run inside a web page, popular in the late 1990s before browser plugin support ended.

Java bytecode

Java bytecode is the platform-independent instruction set of the Java Virtual Machine, into which Java, Kotlin, and Scala are compiled and which runs on any machine.

Java Card VM

The Java Card VM is a subset of the Java virtual machine that runs on smart cards and other resource-constrained devices, introduced with Java Card in 1996.

Java class file

A Java class file, also called a class file, is the binary format defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification for compiled classes, interfaces, and modules.

Java collections framework

The Java collections framework, also known as the Java Collections API, is a unified architecture in Java for representing and manipulating groups of objects, introduced in 1998.

Java Database Connectivity

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is Java's standard, low-level API for communicating with relational databases, included in Java Standard Edition since 1.1 and used by tools like Spring JDBC, JPA, and jOOQ.

Java Development Kit

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software package designed for developers, bundling the Java compiler, standard class libraries, command-line development tools, and a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Java famine of 1845–1848

The Java famine of 1845–1848 (Kelaparan di Cirebon) was a series of food crises in Java's north-coast rice regencies, beginning in Cirebon in 1843 and driven by the Dutch Cultivation System.

Java Man

Java Man: Homo erectus fossils (skullcap Trinil 2, molar, femur) found by Eugène Dubois at Trinil, Java, 1891–1892; type specimen of H. erectus, about 0.9 million years old, Dubois Collection being repatriated from Naturalis to Indonesia.

Java Native Interface

The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a standard programming interface that lets Java code call native functions in C, C++, and assembly, first released in 1997 with JDK 1.1.

Java railway construction

Java railway construction was the building of Java's rail network under Dutch colonial rule, begun at Semarang in 1864 and reaching 5,473 km by 1928.

Java Sea

The Java Sea (Laut Jawa) is a shallow Sunda Shelf sea between Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi, exposed during glacial lowstands, a major Indonesian fishing ground (FMA 712), and site of the 1942 Battle of the Java Sea.

Java version history

Java version history, also called the Java release history, covers the Java platform's releases since its 1995 announcement by Sun Microsystems, from Java 1.0 onward.